Peb tau siv cov lus yooj yim, xws li khoom noj khoom haus, lub zog, tus nqi txheeb raws roj ntsha thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab tias txhua yam no muaj feem cuam tshuam txog yam dab tsi uas peb nyiam tshaj plaws. Tab sis qhov tseeb, kev noj haus cov kev tshawb fawb tsis tsuas yog calorie ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov yooj yim, lub tswv yim dav dua rau cov khoom yog cov zaub mov muaj nqis.
Dab tsi yog qhov khoom noj khoom haus tus nqi?
Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav dav uas qhia txog kev muaj txhij txhua ntawm cov khoom siv tau ntawm cov khoom. Xws li, thiab qhov kawm tiav ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg lub cev nrog cov khoom no, nrog rau lub zog tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm nws cov oxidation.
Zaub mov muaj nqis yog txiav txim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no, thiab cov kev txuam nrog, nyeg, predetermines tsis tsuas lub chaw tso dej, tab sis kuj saj, aroma, xim ntawm cov khoom. Ua tsaug rau qhov khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis, peb tuaj yeem xam qhov sib piv ntawm calorie kom tsawg, digestibility, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Muaj txawm tias yog ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm tus nqi noj haus ntawm cov khoom. Tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom raug faib ua ob pawg - cov organic thiab cov tshuaj minerals. Cov organic tshuaj nyob hauv cov khoom muaj xws li:
- cov nqaijrog;
- carbohydrates;
- nqaij;
- vitamins;
- acids;
- enzymes.
Cov ntxhuav muaj xws li:
- dej;
- macronutrients;
- microelements.
Hauv kev txiav txim siab tsis xam ntawm nws tus kheej tus nqi noj haus ntawm txhua yam khoom noj, cov ntxhuav tshwj xeeb yog tsim - cov neeg pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua raws li lawv cov khoom noj.
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Qhov nqi zog ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus
Qhov no yog qhov tshaj plaws uas peb nyiam txog cov ntsiab lus caloric. Khoom noj khoom haus yog tib qhov chaw ntawm lub zog rau ib tug neeg, yog li calorie yuav tsum tau xav tias yog ib qho kev ua kom muaj zog los pab cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cev.
Cov nqi zog ntawm cov khoom noj yog lub zog uas yuav raug tso tawm ntawm cov khoom thaum lawv muaj oxidized nyob rau hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Peb feem ntau - "tau", tab sis tsis tas dawb. Nws muaj qhov muaj nqis theoretical thiab sij zog.
Tus nqi zog ntawm theoretical yog qhov nyiaj tag nrho cov zog uas tso tawm thaum zaub mov oxidized. Tshem nyiaj rau cov yeeb yam nram no:
- 1 g ntawm roj - 9 kcal;
- 1 g protein - 4 kcal;
- 1 g ntawm carbohydrates - 3.75 kcal.
Tab sis qhov tseeb nqi yog tias peb tau txais net. Peb tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj yeeb los ntawm 100%. Yog li, cov proteins uas yog assimilated los ntawm 84.5%, Sibhawm - los ntawm 94%, carbohydrates - los ntawm 95.6%. Vim li ntawd, thiaj li xam tau ntau npaum li cas thiab peb tau txais dab tsi, peb yuav tsum tau muab cov nyiaj ntau ntxiv los ntawm ib qho hauv feem pua:
- 1 g roj - 8.46 kcal;
- 1 g protein - 3.38 kcal;
- 1 g ntawm carbohydrates - 3.58 kcal.
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Ntsuas zaub mov ntawm cov khoom noj
Ntau npaum li cas qhov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev nyob ntawm seb nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv peb lub cev, lossis ua rau qeeb qeeb thiab hauv qee qhov kev mob.
Ntawd yog qhov, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv raws li cov zaub mov ntawm peb cov kev xav tau.
Rau cov txiv neej muaj ob peb pawg ntawm cov khoom tsis haum, uas nws muaj nqi me ntsis, feem ntau yog qhov siab tshaj plaws:
- 8-10 amino acids - 8 amino acids yog indispensable rau peb thoob plaws lub neej, thiab histidine thiab cystine yog indispensable rau cov me nyuam mos.
- 3-5 polyunsaturated fatty acids;
- tag nrho cov vitamins;
- yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws (nrog rau cov dej);
- cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj roj ntsha - phospholipids, glucoproteins, protein-lecithin complexes.
Yog li, hais txog kev noj haus kom haum rau ob qho tib si lub zog thiab txheeb xyuas cov roj ntsha, peb yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov khoom noj khoom haus xwb , tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsis txaus ntseeg rau peb cov neeg.