Malignant neoplasms ntawm txoj hlab ua pa yog cov kab mob oncological ntau tshaj plaws. Thawj qhov ntawm lawv yog mob ntsws cancer, txhua xyoo muaj ntau tshaj li 1 plhom xws li kuaj mob. Vim hais tias ntawm kev nce qib sai thiab complexities ntawm kev kho mob, tus mob no yog rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm feem ntau txaus ntshai malignant kab mob.
Ua rau mob ntsws cancer
Cov kab mob pathology no tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov cov kev hloov hauv cov qauv ntawm DNA ntawm bronchial epithelium. Cov ntaub so ntswg ntau tuaj yeem, ntau dua qhov muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav. Lub ntsiab ua rau mob ntsws cancer yog carcinogens, tshwj xeeb yog tias lawv nkag mus rau lub cev tsis tu ncua. Co toxins maj mam hloov cov qauv caj ces ntawm cov epithelium hauv ob sab hauv lub bronchi. Lwm yam ua rau kom tus kab mob no muaj xws li kis kab mob kis kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tawg (ionizing) hluav taws xob.
Lub ntsiab ua rau mob ntsws cancer
Yuav luag 90% ntawm tag nrho cov mob ntawm tus kab mob nug thiab nws cov tsos mob debut vim haus luam yeeb . Qhov cwj pwm phem no yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj hlob tuaj ntawm ib yam ntawm 20 xyoo. Tsis tsuas yog nicotine, suppressing tiv thaiv, provokes ntsws cancer - qhov ua rau ntawm lub qog yog muab zais rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm carcinogens, nrog rau cov xov tooj cua isotopes radon tam sim no nyob hauv cov pa luam yeeb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov co toxins paub, nws muaj ntau dua 4000 cov tshuaj sib xyaw unrecognized.
Ua rau mob ntsws cancer hauv cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb
Cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob tau piav qhia muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg tsis muaj kev quav, tab sis tsis tshua muaj (10-15% ntawm tus neeg mob). Txawm tias tsis muaj cov pov thawj tseeb tias kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov ua rau mob ntsws cancer, nws yog cov xwm txheej uas muaj cov hlav ntawm cov hlab ntsws. Tsawg tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau pathology nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug:
- plua plav;
- asbestos;
- radon;
- qee hom hom kab mob virus;
- arsenic;
- tsib xee;
- chrome;
- cadmium;
- radiation irradiation;
- ntev bronchial pathology.
Kev mob ntsws ntsws yog mob hlwb
Feem ntau cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog xav ntseeg tias cov kab mob oncological no yog ntau yam, thiab nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev. Qee cov neeg tshawb xyuas pom cov kev mob hlwb ntxiv ntawm kev mob ntsws cancer:
- tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib tsev neeg muaj zog;
- chim siab hauv lub neej;
- kev tsis sib haum nrog cov niam txiv;
- tsis muaj cov phooj ywg zoo lossis kev xav nruab siab;
- impossibility kom paub lawv tus kheej muaj peev xwm.
Cov teeb meem teev tseg hauv qab tsuas yog theoretically muaj rau cov tsos ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov cim nrog accompany malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv lub cev ua pa. Tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev mob nkeeg lees paub lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tej yam zoo li no tshwm sim los yog muaj mob cancer. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov kev tshawb xav no, oncologists tsis tshua muaj kev them nyiaj rau lub hlwb ua rau pathology.
Hom mob ntsws cancer
Nws muaj ntau lub kab sib txawv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tus kab mob piav qhia. Hauv kev noj tshuaj, nws yog kev cai lij choj los sib txawv raws li cov txheej txheem 2 - keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm qog hlwb thiab cov mob ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia raws li theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb hom kab mob sai li sai tau, ntau hom kev mob oncological neoplasms tau lawv tus kheej txoj kev nce qib thiab yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb.
Hom mob ntsws cancer los ntawm histology:
- me-celled;
- tsis yog lub xov tooj me me.
Cov qog nqaij hlav thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob:
- Theem 1 - me me, ntxov;
- 2 theem - sim, nruab nrab;
- Theem 3 - loj heev;
- Theem 4 - hnyav heev, tsis ua haujlwm.
Mob qog nqaij me hauv lub ntsws cancer
Tsis tshua muaj (tshwm sim hauv li ntawm 20% ntawm tus neeg mob), tab sis ib qho kev sib kis ceev thiab sai kis kab mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws cov tsos mob yuav kuaj tau feem ntau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Nkag siab txog qhov mob me me ntawm mob ntsws cancer, pab kom kawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas ua rau cov qog. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me uas yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cov kab mob qog ntawm lub cev me me. Cov kab mob pathological yog yooj yim ua rau cov kabmob noj qab nyob zoo, ua rau cov tsos thiab kev loj hlob ntawm metastases.
Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab mob cancer ntawm lub ntsws cancer - cov tsos mob thiab cov cim ntawm tus kab mob me me ntawm tes tsis tau pom ntev ntev. Ib tug neeg tsis paub txog qhov teeb meem txog thaum nws pib hnoos tau ntshav thiab xav tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasm. Vim yog tsis muaj cov kev soj ntsuam tshwm sim, hom kab mob no feem ntau kuaj pom nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob.
Subtypes ntawm cov qog nqaij me me:
- pleomorphic;
- oat cell;
- spindle cell.
Cov mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb tsawg tsawg
Raws li lub npe, hom neoplasms hauv kev saib xyuas muaj cov organic organic loj. Daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim, nws cov tsos mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv li 80% ntawm tus neeg mob (me ntsis ntxiv). Nthuav cov hlav qis qeeb qeeb thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov kabmob metastases, tabsis lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab teebmeem rau ntawm lub cev kev ua haujlwm zoo li cov hom pathology yav dhau los.
Cov qog feem ntau ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav mob qog no yog adenocarcinoma thiab epidermoid (squamous, squamous-cell) carcinoma. Lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj neeg, txawv ntawm cov neoplasms:
- qaim ntawm tes;
- giant cell.
Cov tsos mob ntawm lub ntsws cancer
Daim duab saib mob ntawm tus kab mob no nyob ntawm theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab mob hnyav, qhov muaj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm metastases. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw uas mob ntsws cancer loj - cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv nruab nrab (los ntawm cov mucous membrane ntawm lub bronchus loj) ntau tshaj tawm thiab tshwm sim thaum ntxov. Thaum nws hlob zoo, nws cuam tshuam ntau txoj hlab paj hlwb thiab khaus qhov ncig ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, yog li ib tug neeg pom kev hloov hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
Thaum xub thawj, tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm sab qaum nqaij thaum muaj ib qho neoplasm nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm lub bronchi tsis muaj mob receptors thiab hlab paj hlwb, li ntawd lub hlwb tsis hnov mob rau kev loj hlob ntawm txawv teb chaws. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm tus kab mob voos.
Mob ntsws cancer - theem 1
Qhov piav qhia ntawm pathology nyaav tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam. Neoplasm tseem tsis tshua muaj me me, tsis muaj metastasis, yog li ntawm thawj cov tsos mob ntawm lub ntsws cancer tsis tuaj. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub qog ncav cuag ib tug siab kawg nkaus ntawm 3 cm, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj hauv ntshav xwb. Qee lub sij hawm kev txuam ntawm cov kab mob mutated yog nyob rau hauv ib ceg me me me me. Nws tsis tshua muaj kev kuaj mob xws li mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws xws li: cov tsos mob thiab cov cim nyob hauv cov theem ntxov ntxov thiaj li hnav tawm (lossis tsis yog) cov neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav kev pab. Lub qog no raug kuaj pom ntawm qhov kev kuaj niaj zaus.
Mob ntsws Cancer - Theem 2
Nyob rau ntawm theem no, qhov loj ntawm qhov neoplasm nce mus txog 5-6 cm (siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cheeb). Nws tseem tsis nthuav ntau, tab sis nws tso cai rau ib leeg metastases, yog li tej zaum yuav muaj cov cim qhia ntawm qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ntsws thaum ntxov:
- nkees;
- apathy;
- tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm;
- nkees nkees, qaug zog.
Cov tsos mob no tsis txuam nrog kev kuaj muaj tus kab mob malignant, lawv yog qhov mob hauv ntau hom kab mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm lub ntsws cancer hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej yog tib yam, qhov mob yog tib yam. Tom qab ntawd, kuj muaj lwm yam kev tshwm sim, thiab tseem tsis tau paub meej:
- uncaused poob ntawm lub cev hnyav ;
- nce hauv qhov kub kom 37 degrees;
- pw tsaug zog.
Mob ntsws Cancer - Theem 3
Nyob rau theem piav, malignant neoplasm muaj qhov loj loj, ntau tshaj 6 cm inch. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug soj ntsuam, yog li tus neeg mob tig mus rau tus kws kho mob los yog x-ray - cov cim mob ntawm lub ntsws cancer yog twb paub meej lawm:
- qhuav, feem ntau rov qab hnoos;
- txog kev ua tsis taus pa;
- tus mob ntsws li tsis muaj tus kab mob kis;
- mob hauv siab;
- ntxiv zog kub cev;
- tsawg phaus.
Thaum kuaj xyuas, muaj cov kabmob uas pib ua rau mob ntsws cancer - cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia ntawm txoj kev kuaj muaj xws li lub swb (qhov mob loj, mob) ntawm ntau pawg qog ntshav:
- tracheobronchial;
- bifurcation;
- paratracheal;
- bronchopulmonary.
Mob ntsws Cancer - Theem 4
Ib hom kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob yog los ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov qog, feem ntau nws txuas ntxiv tshaj qhov pib ntu thiab nkag mus rau cov kab mob organic uas nyob sib ze. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, mob ntsws cancer yuav luag tam sim ntawd cov kab mob - cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia ntawm theem 4 muaj xws li tag nrho cov kev mob tshwm sim saum toj no, tab sis ntau tshaj qhia tau tias:
- txhaws suab;
- purulent hnoos, uas yog tso tawm thaum hnoos;
- tsis muaj qab los noj mov;
- tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub diaphragm;
- mob hauv thaj av ntawm lub plawv;
- puffiness ntawm lub ntsej muag;
- daim tawv nqaij yog xiav-violet hauv xim (cyanotic);
- swollen leeg ntawm caj dab thiab caj npab;
- dermatitis;
- hloov cov duab ntawm cov ntiv tes ("drumsticks").
Thaum lub sij hawm hnoos, hnoos qeev liab feem ntau hnoos, uas yog ntshav khov. Vim yog kev puas tsuaj rau txoj hlab ntsws, ib tug neeg raug mob los ntawm kev mob nkeeg:
- pericarditis ;
- ntev ob zaug;
- pleurisy ;
- mob ntsws.
Tsawg dua thaum lub sijhawm sib txawv, kev mob ntsws ntawm lub ntsws yog kuaj pom - cov tsos mob tshwm sim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog muaj xws li ntau qhov chaw hauv zos thiab cov metastases nyob deb. Lawv germinate tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub qog ntshav, tab sis kuj mus rau hauv nruab nrog cev, provoking ua txhaum cai ntawm lawv functions. Metastases muaj ntau yam rau nws:
- raum;
- pob txha;
- adrenal qog;
- lub hlwb;
- nplooj siab;
- lub plawv;
- mob plab hlaub;
- trachea;
- cov hlab ntsha tawg;
- thymus.
Mob ntsws cancer - mob cancer
Thaum nws tseem tsis tau tsim ib qho kev siv algorithm ntawm txoj kev kho, uas tso cai rau kev kho tau pathology. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tua tus kab mob ntsws cancer - cov tsos mob thiab cov phiaj xwm kev vam meej, cov qog hlob zoo thiab muab cov kabmob metastases. Thaum pom tus kabmob ua ntej lawm, qhov siab zog ntawm kev txhim kho tus neeg mob zoo. Yog tias qhov kev kuaj mob ua nyob rau thawj theem, qhov 5-xyoo kev noj nyob muaj li 60%, qhov thib ob - txog 40%, qhov thib peb - txog li 15%. Kev mob loj heev oncological ua rau tuag tsis pub dhau 12-24 lub hlis. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis mob ntsws cancer - qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj sia yuav tsis pub tshaj 1-2 xyoos.