Ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj yog hematology, yog li muaj coob tus neeg tsis paub, hematologist yog leej twg, yam kab mob uas nws kho thiab ua li cas yog kev sab laj ntawm tus kws kho mob no. Cia tus tham txog tag nrho cov no ntxiv.
Hematologist - leej twg yog tus zoo li cas thiab zoo li cas?
Hematology - kev faib tshuaj, nws lub npe muaj keeb kwm Greek cov lus thiab txhais cov lus ua "kev qhia thiab ntshav." Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog kawm txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav system yog to taub tag nrho ntawm cov kabmob hauv cov hlab ntshav (pob txha hlwb, cov qog pob txha, cov thymus), cov kabmob ntawm kev tua cov ntshav (spleen, ntshav hlab ntsha) thiab cov ntshav nws tus kheej (nws cov khoom). Tawm los ntawm qhov no, tus kws kho mob-hematologist tau koom rau hauv kev qhia thiab kev kho tus kab mob ntawm cov ntshav.
Vim tias cov ntshav ntxuav tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev, nrog lawv txuas qhov txuas ntxiv, hematologists yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog kev kho mob kev tshawb fawb. Txuj ci ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv qhov kev kawm no tau txais los ntawm cov kws kho mob tom qab kawm ob xyoo hauv hematology. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus hematologist lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua ub no yuav yog ib qho ntawm ob qho:
- Kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm - kev ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam uas muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntshav thiab pob txha marrow raug ua tiav thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig raug txhais, cov kev sim ua, cov kev tshiab ntawm kev ntsuas thiab kev kho mob.
- Kev kho mob thiab kev tawm dag zog - kev ua haujlwm ncaj nraim nrog cov neeg mob, uas yog kev tso npe ntawm cov neeg mob, kev teem caij ntsuas kev ntsuas, xaiv kev kho mob thiab lwm yam.
Tus hematologist yog leej twg?
Raws li tau hais lawm, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ib tug kws kho hematologist tsom rau kev kuaj ntawm pathologies ntawm cov ntshav system thiab lawv cov kev kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob no tabtom kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob, muaj kev tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Lawv sib koom tes nrog cov kws kho mob ntawm lwm cov specialties: kws phais, cov kws kho mob, kws kho mob, cov kws kho mob thiab lwm tus. Nws kuj muaj cov lus qhia xws li ib tug me nyuam hematologist (nws deals nrog cov kab mob ntshav hauv cov me nyuam), hematologist-oncologist (nws yog koom rau kev lees paub thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob phem ntawm cov ntshav).
Dab tsi kho tus hematologist?
Xav tias, tus hematologist - nws yog leej twg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb no muaj xws li pathologies uas tuaj yeem ua rau ua txhaum ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab siv cov khoom ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis yog hauv nws txoj kev ua haujlwm rau kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, los yog kev ua kom tsis muaj ntshav, tsis ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm thiab siv cov khoom ntshav (piv txwv li, qhov raug mob spleen, o ntawm cov qog ntshav thiab lwm tus).
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo yam uas tus hematologist ua, sau cov kab pathologies uas nws nyiam:
- anemia ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb;
- myeloma;
- myeloid leukemia ;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- autoimmune thrombocytopenia ;
- hluav taws xob mob;
- leukocytosis;
- leukopenia thiab lwm yam.
Thaum twg kuv thiaj yuav mus rau ib tug hematologist?
Muaj qee qhov tshwm sim uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm teeb meem hematologic. Qhia rau peb paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim no, qhia tias thaum twg los tham txog tus hematologist:
- nce lub cev kub, sau tseg txij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm rau tsis pom tseeb vim li cas;
- persistent tsis muaj zog, qaug zog;
- mob hnyav heev;
- persistent redness ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag;
- cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis txuam nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov hauv nruab nrog cev;
- lymph nodes;
- nquag mob hauv lub taub hau ntawm ib qho tsis paub keeb kwm;
- poob phaus uas tsis muaj lub hom phiaj rau;
- bruising nrog me pob;
- ntev ntev los ntshav tom qab txhaj me me;
- ib txwm tsis tu ncua ntawm tingling ntawm lub fingertips;
- ntev cev ntu irregularity.
Ntxiv mus, kev sab laj ntawm ib tug hematologist yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv xws li mob:
- qhov pib ntawm cev xeeb tub;
- npaj lub tswvyim ntawm tus menyuam;
- nce xov tooj cua keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob.
Tus mob hematologist lub sijhawm teem tuaj li cas?
Feem ntau, hematologist tau txais kev xa mus rau ntawm tus kws kho mob hauv zos lossis lwm tus kws kho mob. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb no txais cov neeg mob hauv cov chaw kho mob loj, oncological polyclinics, cov chaw kho mob ntiag tug, thiab koj yuav tsis pom tshuaj hematologists hauv cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb. Thaum mus ntsib ib tug hematologist, koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb tias qee cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau teem tseg rau tib hnub. Hauv kev pom ntawm qhov no, nws raug pom zoo tias cov cai hauv qab no tau pom zoo:
- Tsis txhob noj 12 xuab moos ua ntej mus xyuas cov hematologist.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb lossis haus dej haus cawv.
- Tsis suav kev siv tshuaj.
- Tsis txhob haus dej kom tsawg hnub ua ntej kev sab laj.
Dab tsi thiab tus hematologist tshawb xyuas li cas?
Ntau tus neeg mob uas yuav mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb no, txhawj xeeb txog seb tus hematologist xeem, seb qhov kev txais tos yuav ua li cas. Feem ntau, qhov kev txais tos pib nrog qhov tseeb tias tus kws kho mob mloog cov lus tsis txaus siab, xam phaj tus neeg mob, kawm txog keeb kwm kho mob. Tom qab qhov no, kev kuaj mob lub cev yog ua tiav, uas muaj cov hauv qab no:
- palpation ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv siab;
- kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nyom;
- palpation ntawm tus po;
- kev soj ntsuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov hnyuv membranes.
Cov hematologist xaiv cov kev sim dab tsi?
Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tom qab sau ntawm anamnesis thiab lub cev kev kuaj mob, tsis tshua muaj kev pom zoo kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cai, tsis txhob muab tag nrho cov duab pathology. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj cov kev sim thiab kev qhia txog kev kawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog dab tsi kuaj seb tus hematologist tau sau, thiab ua txhua yam kev tshawb fawb. Ua ntej tshaj, ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas dav thiab biochemical yuav tsum tau txhaj. Cov neeg uas tau ua tiav li no lawm, tus hematologist yuav pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem xws li:
- kuaj ntshav rau syphilis (qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv Wasserman);
- kuaj ntshav rau HIV;
- kuaj ntshav rau kab mob siab;
- coagulogram;
- kev ntsuam xyuas zis;
- kev kuaj ntawm cov quav rau cov ntshav uas latent.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav ua tau kom tus pob txha hlwb pob txha txhau nrog ib txoj kev kuaj sim ntawm punctate (myelogram) thiab cov txheej txheem siv los tshuaj:
- Ultrasound ntawm cov kab mob plab thiab lymph nodes;
- computed tomography;
- magnetic resonance imaging;
- radiography ntawm cov pob txha tiaj;
- scintigraphy.
Hematologist tswv yim
Hematologic ntshawv siab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau txaus ntshai, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv lawv. Yuav kom paub txog qhov kev vam meej ntawm tus kab mob rau lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob kom sai dua yog tias muaj lus ceeb toom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom ua raws li tej tswv yim ntawm ib tug hematologist:
- Txheeb xyuas cov ntshav kom tsis tu ncua los tswj cov qib leukocytes, cov ntshav liab thiab cov hemoglobin;
- Tsis kam siv cov cwj pwm phem;
- Ntau lub sijhawm siv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntshiab;
- Mus hauv kev ua si.