Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm neeg lub cev, ntau cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob nyob hauv cov kab mob nyob, uas cuam tshuam rau cov hniav ntawm cov hniav. Cov kab mob ua rau nws cov kev puas tsuaj, uas feem ntau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob zoo thiab tsis tu ncua, tus kab mob sai sai thiab kis mus rau kev noj qab haus huv cov hniav.
Yuav ua li cas yog caries?
Cov txhais lus ntawm lub npe ntawm pathology los ntawm Latin - lwj. Tus kab mob hauv kev saib xyuas yog ib txoj thiab qeeb txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm microbes. Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov caries yog piav qhia los ntawm qhov tshuaj txhuam hniav ntawm cov txiv neej thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws cov qauv hauv qab ntawm kev sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Maj mam cuam tshuam thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus hniav, nrog rau kev kho hniav. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, qhov chaw kho mob thiab qhov txig ua rau mob.
Ua rau ntawm caries:
- qhov tsis huv lossis tsis txaus tu qhov ncauj;
- deficiency ntawm cov vitamins;
- kev noj zaub mov tsis tshua muaj zog nrog cov khoom noj uas muag mos phoj;
- mob hniav tsis tu ncua;
- pathology ntawm txoj hnyuv quav;
- rickets lossis tuberculosis hauv anamnesis;
- kab mob ntawm lub cev;
- tsis muaj phosphorus, calcium lossis fluorine;
- khoob thiab khoob ntawm cov hniav;
- tsis raug kho tsis kho;
- me me, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug;
- genetic predisposition.
Hom ntawm caries
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob no, tab sis xyaum tu cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv txoj kev faib los ntawm qhov chaw thiab theem. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm rot, cov nram qab no hom pathology yog qhov txawv:
- Kev khees xaws - khaus rau hauv sab qis ntawm tus hniav, ntawm ciam teb nrog cov pos hniav.
- Fissure (sib cuag) - rhuav pov hauv hollows ntawm molars.
- Interdental - caries nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav.
- Lub caj dab - lub ncauj tsev menyuam nrog rau kev siv cov tshuaj tso rau hauv cov pos hniav.
- Caries ntawm anterior cov hniav - kev puas tsuaj ntawm incisors nrog tus sawv.
- Iatrogenic - ua rau thaj tsam ncig, kev zawm hniav thiab lwm yam kev kho mob.
Cov theem ntawm caries
Raws li cov degree ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tawv, tus kab mob no raug cais hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Theem ntawm qhov chaw. Tus hniav txha hniav hauv qee qhov chaw hloov xim, ua dawb. Kev kho mob ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg no yog ceev thiab tsis mob. Cretaceous pes yog qhia los ntawm cov nqaij mos tsawg heev.
- Pob zeb diam. Tus nplaig poob nws cov minerals, tau txais ib txoj kev ntxhib. Muaj muaj zog ntawm cov hniav kom sov, txias, qab zib thiab qaub.
- Nruab nrab caries. Ruins tsis yog tsuas yog txham, tab sis kuj nws ciam teb nrog dentin. Kev puas tsuaj rau tus hniav pom tseeb, hnov mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum raug rau cov zaub mov thiab dej haus.
- Sib sib zog nqus caries. Rotting ncav cuag lub dentin thiab txheej nyob ze ntawm lub pulp. Mob hlwb syndrome yog qhov ruaj khov thiab muaj zog.
Dab tsi yog qhov muaj kev puas tsuaj?
Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sij hawm, kev mob ceev ceev zuj zus thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem. Deep dental caries tuaj yeem ua tau rau cov teeb meem nram qab no:
- Pulpitis yog ib qho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm sab hauv, nrog rau cov hauv siab, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov nqaij cov leeg.
- Periodontitis yog kev sib tw thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm ligaments uas tuav tus hniav hauv cov pos hniav thiab cov cawb.
- Granuloma - lub hnab (cyst) muaj pus. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus hniav, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis mob hauv lub cev.
Kev kho mob ntawm lub pob zeb nrog drilling
Kev npaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam puas tsuaj kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov hniav thiab cov kab noj hniav. Thaum lub sij hawm no yog tib txoj kev yuav ua li cas kom tshem ntawm caries nyob rau hauv ib tug tob theem ntawm tus kab mob. Cov ntaub so uas tau muab tshem tawm raug hloov los ntawm cov khoom siv hloov tshiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub saib tag nrho thiab tsis txawv hauv cov xim ntawm lawv tus kheej cov hniav zoo.
Kev kho mob ntawm caries - theem
Hom kev kho mob nrog rau qhov drilling ntawm cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yog ua raws li tus txheej txheem txheem, qee cov kauj ruam yuav kho ntawm tus kws kho hniav nyob ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Kev kho mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog rau cov theem hauv qab no:
- Tshaj Tawm. Cov quav hniav thiab lub pob zeb raug muab tshem tawm ntawm tus hniav mob thiab cov chaw nyob ib sab.
- Tshuaj loog. Thaum mob me, tsis muaj tshuaj loog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog thaum lub qhov ncauj tawm ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab cov qaib tau muab tshem tawm, qhov kev kho mob yuav tsum siv tshuaj loog rau hauv cov pos hniav.
- Ntaus ntawm thaj chaw. Qhov kev npaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas tawg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ze yog nqa tawm.
- Kev rho tawm. Yuav kom paub meej tias lub foob ntev ntev li ntev tau, nws yuav tsum tshem tawm cov dej ntws (qaub ncaug, dej los ntawm cov pa uas tau tso pa) los ntawm kev nkag rau tus hniav. Yav dhau los, paj rwb thiab paj ntaub ntaub siv los siv rau lub hom phiaj no, uas tau siv rau qhov npaj tseg. Kev kho mob niaj hnub no ntawm kev tu tsiaj yuav siv cov cofferdam. Nws yog ib lub tais yas uas muab kev sib cais ntawm tus hniav.
- Npaj rau sealing. Lub drilled aav raug kho nrog antiseptics, qhov enamel yog etched nrog phosphoric acid thiab ib qho nplaum. Cov theem ntawm kev kho no tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhawb kev zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Thaum lub ntsiab lus thiab sab phab ntsa raug rhuav tshem, tus kws kho hniav rov qab kho dua.
- Sealing. Lub nkev ntawm cov iav iav iav yog muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm cov kab noj. Ib cov khoom siv photopolymer yog superimposed rau saum, xaiv rau lub ntuj tso xim ntawm cov hniav muaj kab mob. Txhua txheej yog pom los ntawm ib lub teeb tshwj xeeb, uas ua kom lub zog tawv ntawm lub foob.
- Sib tsoo. Qhov kawg theem ntawm kev kho mob yog tsim nyog kom rov qab tau qhov peev xwm ntawm tus hniav thiab tus qauv qub. Kev sib tsoo ua rau nws du thiab du, zoo li tus txiv tsuaj.
Hom kev kho hniav
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau muab faib ua ib ntus thiab mus tas li. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, siv lo lus dag. Lawv kaw cov kab noj hniav hauv lub arsenic muab tso rau neutralize thiab ces tshem tawm cov hlab ntsha. Tom qab 1-3 hnub, lub foob no tshem tawm thiab ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv mus tas li rau kev kho mob:
- Maas. Pheej yig, yooj yim-rau-siv khoom, sai sai pov tseg, phem heev adheres rau cov hniav.
- Hlau. Qhov feem ntau ruaj, tab sis ua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj installation. Cov khoom siv yuav luag tsis siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho mob vim kev tsis nyiam lub cev thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj.
- Yas los yog sib txuas. Cov khoom pov thawj, yooj yim xaiv los ntawm cov xim rau cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov hniav. Cov khoob zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj kev lom zem, sai sai thiab tsaus nti, uas ua rau muaj kev poob qis dua.
- Photopolymers. Niaj hnub nimno, cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov rau kev kho mob, ua rau tawv nqaij kub nyhiab. Ua tsaug rau cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, xws li cov khoom siv yuav siv los kho kab noj hniav hauv cov hniav. Expansiveness ntawm lub installation yog compensated los ntawm lub neej ntev kev pab.
- Depoforez. Ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov dej uas muaj tshwm sim, hydroxide cov tooj liab thiab cov calcium uas tau pib, ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov electrode tso, tus zoo electrode siv rau sab plhu. Tom qab muab cov paug nyob hauv 2 mA, tag nrho cov kab mob no puas lawm. Nrog kev pab ntawm depophoresis, txawm caries muaj teeb meem raug kho.
- Sau ntawm kub gutta-percha. Cov khoom siv kub txog 100 degrees yog pub rau hauv cov dej. Cov tshuaj reag nyob thoob cov kab noj hniav thiab sai sai.
- Mob khaub thuas gutta-percha filling. Ib los yog ob peb lub raj pins sib thooj rau cov duab ntawm cov kab noj hniav yog tso rau hauv cov dej.
- Ob txheej txheej foob (nrog gasket). Cov qhaub cij nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov iav iav (puab txheej) thiab ua ke (sab nraud).
Niaj hnub no txoj kev kho mob
Hauv kev kho hniav zuj zus tom qab kev siv tshuaj kho mob nram no:
Kev kho mob ntawm lub suab tsis muaj cov hniav drilling
Thaum cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem nrog kev npaj thiab tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj hauv kev yuav kho kab noj hniav li cas yam tsis muaj kev xyaum:
- laser raug;
- gel kho;
- icon-tshuab.
Kev kho mob ntawm lub suab ntawm laser
Ib qho tshiab rau kev tshem qhov txha hniav laus los ntawm evaporation. Cov kev kho mob ntawm caries tsis muaj drilling yog haum nkaus xwb rau kev kho mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sab nqaij daim tawv. Yog tias cov hniav lwj mus txog tus dentin, laser raug mob tsis tsim cov nyhuv yam ntawd. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm ib tug qauv caries kev kho mob nrog npaj. Tom qab laser kho, yuav tsum muaj daim filling.
Kev kho mob ntawm cov quav nrog jelly
Cov kev qhia technology no tseem tsis tau nkag los rau hauv kev kho hniav, cov tshuaj tau kuaj hauv cov nas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no yuav tso cai rau qhov chaw zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los yog thaum ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob. Tus essence ntawm kev kho yog cov kev taw qhia rau cov kab noj tsis puas ntsoog ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb gel nrog peptides. Nws hloov cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau rotting, thiab provokes lub hlwb ntawm cov hlwb, uas cov hniav laus muaj. Vim li ntawd, thaj tsam uas muaj cuam tshuam loj hlob tuaj lawm.
Icon-technology - kev kho mob ntawm caries
Qhov no ntawm txoj kev kho yog tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab thiab tob ntawm tus kab mob. Icon tshuab muab kev kho mob rau thaum ntxov tuaj thaum nws nyob hauv qhov qub theem. Tom qab cleansing ntawm tus hniav tshuam, tus hniav laus yog smeared nrog tus etching gel uas tua cov kab mob pathogenic. Tom qab 2 feeb, cov tshuaj yog ntxuav tawm thiab saum npoo yog qhuav. Nyob rau cov chaw npaj tau infiltrate Icon yog thov thiab nws cov polymerization los ntawm ultraviolet yog nqa tawm. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob me me yog "ntim" thiab tus hniav txha hniav raug rov qab los.
Prophylaxis ntawm caries
Kev tiv thaiv kom txhob kis tau cov kab ntswg hauv qhov ncauj yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua thiab ua tiav kev kuaj mob, txhua 4-6 lub hlis.
Tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj kab noj hniav:
- tu txhua hnub, tsawg kawg yog 2 zaug hauv ib hnub;
- balanced noj zaub mov;
- limiting noj ntawm carbohydrate cov khoom noj, khoom qab zib;
- xam nrog cov ntses thiab nqaij nruab deg hauv cov zaub mov;
- tag nrho cov zaub mov qaub;
- kev siv cov khoom noj fermented lossis cov additives nrog calcium;
- kho cov kev mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj;
- tu li niaj zaus kev ntxuav cov hniav (ib zaug txhua 6-12 lub hlis);
- qhov ncauj yaug lossis siv zom zawg tom qab noj mov;
- txwv nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov khoom uas muaj tsawg los yog siab kub.