Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis rau ntau tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw Sov Sov pib ua thawj hauv lub neej. Nws tau ua ib tug menyuam mos nyob hauv lub tsev kho mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiv thaiv tuberculosis bacillus tau tus kab mob 100%, tab sis nws yog npaj los pab tiv thaiv kab mob kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob.
Puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tuberculosis?
Txog hnub tim, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB yuav tsum tau txhaj rau hauv 64 lub teb chaws thoob qab ntuj. Thaum ntxov li ntawm 118 lub xeev, lawv hais txog cov neeg pom zoo. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis rau cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis ua raws li cov cai tswj fwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav pab tau rau cov neeg nyob hauv cov teb chaws uas muaj coob leej ntau tus neeg raug mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tiv thaiv tuberculosis tag? Li ntawd, deb, xws li siv tshuaj yaj yeeb tsis tau tau tsim. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj sia nyob yog siv rau cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv. Lawv tsis tso cai rau qhov outgrowth ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm latent daim ntawv mus rau qhib, tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob ntawm cov leeg thiab pob txha cov leeg. Ib qho loj ntxiv - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txo qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis rau cov me nyuam yug tshiab
Qee cov niam txiv yuam kev ntseeg tias tus menyuam yaus tsis muaj chaw "catch" tuberculosis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov laus tsis nco qab txog qhov tseeb uas nyob hauv ib thaj chaw ntawm cov teb chaws qub, txog li ntawm 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov neeg laus laus yog cov neeg muaj kab mob ntsws tub qog. Muaj cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem raug mob vim muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis lawv kis mob mycobacteria txhua qhov. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam yuav tuaj yeem "ntes tau" tus menyuam thaum mus taug kev thiab sib tham.
Koob tshuaj BCG tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tuberculosis hauv daim ntawv hnyav thiab tsis pub muaj teeb meem, xws li tuberculous meningitis . Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kabmob no ua rau qeeb, yog li ntawd nws yog pub rau txhua tus menyuam yaus. Nrog rau malovnym, ntxov ntxov, tsis muaj zog, kev txom nyem los ntawm congenital malformations thiab pathologies. Cov menyuam yug tshiab nrog kev nce hauv thymus ntawm thymus ( thymus caj pas ), jaundice thiab hyaline membrane kuj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob zoo.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab tiv thaiv tuberculosis
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koom haum World Health yog disappointing. Raws li lawv, kis tau tus kab mob ntawm Koch hawv txhua txhua peb tus neeg ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis yog txhua leej txhua tus. Canadian cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thiab muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam ib tus tshiab formulation, uas yog feem ntau npaj los txhim khu qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev kuaj ntshav BCG. Ib txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tuberculosis reactivates tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau tswj hwm thiab tau tsis muaj zog tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm tuberculosis rau cov me nyuam - "rau" thiab "tawm tsam"
Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj muaj cuab kav pom, nyob rau xyoo tas los ntau thiab ntau tus niam txiv tau tsis kam ua qhov no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tsis kam - BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yeej muaj kev rau txim. Cov niam txiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov me nyuam nco txog kev txhim kho cov kev ua xua, qhov mob ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib, ntau zaus conjunctivitis, otitis thiab bronchitis xyoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tiam sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Thiab yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog tiv thaiv tsis tau tus keeb kwm ntawm tsis-ua raws li contraindications, kev taw qhia ntawm cov neeg pluag-zoo ntshav, kev coj tsis zoo ntawm tus txheej txheem.
Kev pom zoo tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG los ntawm tuberculosis yog tsim kev puas tsuaj, peb ntseeg tias nws muaj formality, mercury ntsev, phenol, txhuas hydroxide. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb. Ua ib feem ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob no, zus nyob hauv kev sim. Lawv cov ntsiab lus yog tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kabmob, thiab ua rau kom mob lub cev.
Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov me nyuam yug tshiab:
- kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau hom mob ntsws;
- ib feem me me ntawm cov teeb meem;
- zoo tolerability ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Txais:
- ib qho algorithm rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- lub caij nyoog zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj;
- qhov muaj feem ntawm qhov tsis paub tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis "tau txais kev siv" (kev tiv thaiv yuav tsis tsim).
Qhov kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam tuberculosis li cas?
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tau zoo thiab tsis mob, nws yuav tsum ua kom raug. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv chav kuaj mob. Cov khoom nram qab no yuav tsum siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- ampoule nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- ampoule nrog hnyav;
- syringe qub;
- syringe tuberculin;
- sterile gauze ntaub so;
- tov tshuaj tua kab mob;
- caws pliav (kab ntsig);
- paj rwb ntaub plaub.
Ib yam li lwm txoj hau kev, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis pib nrog kev tu cev ntawm tes, qhov ntsuas. Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum hnoos thiab hnoos rau hauv lub raj syringe. Seem ntawm huab cua raug muab tso tawm. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj raug kho nrog cawv. Lub koob yog txhaj rau hauv subcutaneously ntawm ib kaum ntawm 10-15 degrees. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis yuav tsum tsis txhob poob mus rau cov leeg - qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob khaub thuas. Tam sim ntawd tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsum saib xyuas li ib nrab teev. Yog tias thaum lub sij hawm no tsis muaj kev tshwm sim, nws yuav raug tso tawm.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis - thaum twg?
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias kev tiv thaiv, BCG hauv tsev kho mob ua tiav thaum 4-7 hnub tom qab yug tus me nyuam. Yog tias qee yam - yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb - nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, tus kws kho mob pom tias nws tsiv li 2 lub hlis. Hauv qhov teeb meem yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis yog txhaj rau cov me nyuam loj dua 3 lub hlis, yuav tsum tau kuaj Mantoux ua ntej.
Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kab mob TB nyob qhov twg?
Yuav kom tiv thaiv thiab txo cov kev tsis zoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw qhia txog kev kuaj ntshav. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob ntawm tes ntawm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj (feem ntau yog txoj cai yog xaiv). Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm tuberculosis rau cov menyuam yaus raug muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw uas qhov tawv nqaij yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws. Qhov chaw yog xaiv raws li hauv qab no: txhais tes yog ntxeem tau faib ua peb qhov chaw. Kwv yees li ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm sab sauv nrog lub nruab nrab thiab cov tshuaj siv. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis hauv cov me nyuam mos feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw siab thib peb ntawm lub xub pwg.
Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsig ntau npaum li cas tiv thaiv tuberculosis?
Tom qab qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kev tiv thaiv kav rau 6-7 xyoo. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo lossis 14 xyoos tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis selectively. Yog xav paub seb koj puas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam dua, muab Mantoux test . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tshwm sim rau hnub peb. Revaccination los ntawm tuberculosis yog ua tiav rau cov neeg uas muaj qhov tsis zoo - tus papule puv liab thiab ua rau mob loj tuaj.
Inoculation los ntawm tuberculosis rau cov yug me nyuam - fab
Raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj kev tshwm sim tshwm sim tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Cov kev hloov yuav tshwm sim tom qab ib hlis thiab ib nrab tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov chaw uas txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm tuberculosis rau tus menyuam mos, ib lub qhov txhab me me uas muaj pustule uas muaj qhov tshuaj tua kab nyob hauv qhov chaw. Maj mam nws zoo thiab ua rau pob ntseg. Thaum muaj kev kho tag nrho, lub pob ntog tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj muaj caws pliav zoo li caws pliav.
Koob tshuaj BCG, hauv tsev kho mob, tawm ntawm cov kab uas muaj kab ncig, qhov kab uas muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ib nrab. Qee qhov kev pom zoo yog tias qhov caws pliav yog xim dawb thiab ploj tom qab txog ib hlis (muaj kev tu kom zoo). Tsis txhob ntshai ntawm tej xwm txheej no:
- o thiab liab liab ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
- lub xub pwg pib khaus;
- me me abscess;
- o nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- nce hauv qhov kub (tab sis tsis ntau tshaj li 38 degrees).
Cov tsos mob no suav tias yog vim li cas, vim hais tias lub qhov txhab zoo, thiab lub cev nyob rau hauv lub neej no ua rau kev noj qab haus huv tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas tau nkag mus rau hauv nws. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Yog hais tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov caws pliav kom zoo, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov kev ua tsis zoo yog tsis siv, thiab kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov ua tau hais tias qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj cov mob hauv cov hlab ntaws ua rau tuberculosis. Tab sis qhov no tsuas pom hauv 2% ntawm cov neeg.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis - contraindications
Qee zaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau. Feem ntau nws yog contraindicated rau cov me nyuam uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Ntxiv rau kev txo qoob loo, BCG contraindications muaj cov hauv qab no:
- kev muaj zog dhau los ntawm tus me nyuam thaum yug (tsawg dua 2.5 kg);
- HIV nyob rau hauv niam;
- cov kab mob ntev hauv daim ntawv;
- muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov qog ua ntej tu;
- heredity (teeb meem ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov txheeb ze).