Feem ntau, cov neeg ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws tau los ntawm kev lees paub ib daim diploma los yog rov qab ua dua.
Thiab txawm hais tias lub Lisbon Convention, uas teb chaws Russia tau koom nrog 1999, hais tias txhua lub teb chaws uas tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus no yuav tsum paub txog txhua lwm tus diplomas, nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag nws muab tawm tias qhov no tsis yog ib txwm tshwm sim.
Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus xws li "kws lij choj", "kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb" nyob txawv teb chaws tsis muaj unambiguous. Yog li ntawd, dhau sij hawm, muaj kev xav coj diplomas mus rau cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb, yog li ntawd lawv cov tswv yuav nrhiav tau haujlwm hauv txhua lub teb chaws yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Nyob rau hauv 1999, cov neeg koom hauv Bologna Txoj Haujlwm tau xee tsab ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias kev kawm qib siab nyob rau txhua lub tebchaws yuav tsum yog ob theem: bachelor - 4 xyoo, kawm tiav qib siab - 2 xyoos.
Nyob rau hauv 2003, Russia koom ua ke no, thiab nyob rau hauv 2005 - Ukraine.
Nyob rau hauv 2009, ob-tiered kev kawm pib pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia teb.
Muaj ntau lub tebchaws thiab tebchaws tau hloov mus rau ib qho kev kawm tshiab, tab sis kev kawm ntawv (ib qib) tau nyob.
Ua ntej cov tub ntxhais kawm yav tom ntej, uas kawm tiav hauv daim ntawv thib 11 , lo lus nug sawv, qhov kev cob qhia twg yuav tsum raug xaiv?
Qhov txawv ntawm bachelor's degree thiab qhov tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi?
Bachelor's degree yog thawj theem ntawm kev kawm ob-theem. Qhov thib ob (tsis tau raug cai) nyob rau hauv qhov system no yog lub magistracy, los yog tus tub kawm ntawv tau ua kiag tam sim ntawd mus rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev kawm tshwj xeeb yog hom kawm ntawv. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov system uas txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau siv los kawm ua ntej.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yav tom ntej xav paub: "Dab tsi yog qhov zoo dua, bachelor los yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb"?
Cia peb xav tias tus bachelor's degree txawv ntawm qhov kev kawm tshwj xeeb, kev cob qhia twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau nws xaiv.Qhov txawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj bachelor thiab qhov tshwj xeeb
Bachelor's qhov kev pab cuam
Txhawm rau muab tso meej meej ntxiv, lub baccalaureate yog kev kawm ntawv theem pib. Ntau tus hu nws "tsis tiav siab dua", txawm tias bachelor's degree yog ib qho kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Kawm hauv kev kawm tiav, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tau txais kev puv sijhawm lossis tsis tuaj kawm ntawv qhov kev paub, kev paub dav dav ntawm tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb. Thaum kawm tas, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tau txais txoj cai los yog pib ua haujlwm, lossis mus kawm ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub.
Txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm bachelor's degree:
- lub diploma ntawm European qauv;
- lub sijhawm los dhau ib tus master's degree hauv Europe;
- sij hawm los txiav txim siab rau qhov kev xaiv thiab hloov tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb lossis tsev kawm ntawv.
Disadvantages ntawm cuv:
- lub tswv yim ntawm cov tswv ntiav tias bachelors tsis zoo rau cov kws tshwj xeeb;
- tsis muaj chaw dawb nyob hauv lub tsev hais plaub;
- ib tug nqi siab rau kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub rau nqi;
- kev nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tiav yog ua tau tom qab kawm tiav.
Tshwj xeeb
Tshwj xeeb yog qhov kev cob qhia 5-6 xyoo txwm xyoo tom university.
Zoo:
- kev kawm ntau dua ntawm kev kawm ntawm cov tswv lag luam dua li daim bachelor's degree;
- kawm tiav tas hnub;
- tam sim no koj tuaj yeem mus kawm rau cov tsev kawm tiav.
Tsis zoo:
- teeb meem nrog kev paub txog diploma nyob txawv teb chaws;
- impossibility ntawm kev kawm dawb dawb rau hauv kev magistracy (txij thaum magistracy yuav raug txiav txim siab qhov kev kawm thib ob);
- thaum kawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev hais plaub tus tub ntxhais kawm raug ncua ntawm kev ncua ntawm cov tub rog.
Kev hloov ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb mus rau bachelor's degree yog qhov nyuaj. Qee qhov tshwj xeeb, raws li nws muab tawm, tsis tau mus rau qhov kev kawm ob-tier, vim nws tsis muaj peev xwm npaj tau tus kws kho mob, piv txwv li, rau 4 xyoos.
Tsis yog hloov mus rau ib qho kev kawm tshiab kiag li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias ob qho tag nrho bachelor's degree thiab qhov tshwj xeeb muaj nyob rau hauv parallel. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv baccalaureate tseem qhia cov txheej txheem qub. Piv txwv, ib qho qhab nias 100-point tsis yog siv.
Peb yuav tsum lees tias qhov tseeb, kev xaiv ntawm bachelor's degree thiab qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov txawv yuav tsum muaj kev xav hauv cov xyoo kawm ntawv xwb.
Peb cia siab tias cov ntaub ntawv muab kev pab yuav pab koj xaiv qhov zoo thiab siv nyiaj thiab sijhawm kom tau txais qhov kev paub koj xav tau.