Cov nroj tsuag yog ib lub teb ci blueberry tuaj rau teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas, nws tuaj rau teb chaws Europe hauv lub xyoo dhau los thiab tau khov kho tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab kev cog qoob loo. Berries yog paub rau lawv cov qab zib thiab qaub saj, lawv muaj kev pom zoo ntawm proportions ntawm acids thiab sugars. Lawv yog cov tsim rau kev txuag thiab khov, thaum tuav lawv cov qab thiab cov khoom lam.
Garden blueberry - piav qhia
Xiav xiav, yuav luag dub, them nrog ib tug whitish Bloom ntawm berries ntawm blueberry, ntau yam zoo li. Lawv yog cov loj thiab fleshy, loj hlob ntawm bushes, muaj ib qho zoo saj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog saturated nrog tseem ceeb kawm, 100 g ntawm berries muaj 0.81 g ntawm poov tshuaj, 0.01 g ntawm hlau thiab 0.14 g ntawm vitamin C. Lawv muaj ib tug kho txuam rau ntawm ob lub raum, lub plawv, txhim kho qhov muag, txo cov ntshav qab zib , txhawb kom lub tso pa tawm ntawm pais plab kua txiv. Yog li ntawd, muaj coob tus neeg xav cog cov txuj ci tseem ceeb-hauv cov vaj no.
Luv luv piav qhia ntawm kab lis kev cai:
- lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog umbilical, tsis muaj lateral ceg;
- tua - erect, them nrog bark;
- Lub Bush, nyob ntawm seb ntau yam, muaj ib qhov siab ntawm 1-2 meters;
- nplooj ywm du, tag nrho, lanceolate, txog li 3 cm ntev;
- paj tsib-toothed, nrog liab dawb los yog dawb dawb;
- berries muaj ib tug xiav xim nrog ib tug xiav Bloom, qhov ceeb thawj - los ntawm 1 mus rau 25 grams, nyob ntawm seb ntau.
High-yielding bushes ntawm vaj blueberry, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov abundantly them nrog berries ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej xim, ruaj. Lawv loj dua hav zoov thiab tiv taus ntau yam mob. Cov nroj tsuag nyiam decorativeness tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig - nws blooms nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, beautifully fructifies nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, lub nplooj ua coral nyob rau hauv Autumn. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog pom - nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub nws emits tseem ceeb roj, uas thaum nqus tau ua rau ib qho kev xav ntawm kev qaug dag yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, cov kab lis kev cai yog nicknamed "drunkard".
Ntau yam ntawm vaj blueberries
Breeders tsim ntau ntau yam thiab hybrids ntawm vaj blueberries (txog 20), txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum ntxov yog hu ua Lub Xya Hli Ntuj-Lub Yim Hli, lig - thaum Lub Cuaj Hli. Muaj qoob loo thiab qis qoob loo, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tiv taus rau Frost, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txias pib ib qho txaus ntshai rau lub paj. Tsis tag nrho txawv teb chaws hybrids tau raws nyob rau hauv cov qaum teb tej yam kev mob - lub lig sawv tswj kom paub tab tsuas yog 30%. Yog li ntawd, nruab nrab-ripening thiab ntxov hom zoo dua cultivated nyob rau hauv nruab nrab latitudes.
Blueberry vaj - qhov zoo tshaj plaws prolific ntau yam:
- Blueberger Vaj Northbloom. Qhov ntau yam yog luv luv, lub Bush ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 90 cm Cov berries ripen los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, lub qoob loo - txog li 3 kg los ntawm Bush. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov loj, muab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, pom zoo rau industrial processing thiab tshiab tau. Northblo ntau yam yog tsi los ntawm Frost tsis kam, nws tsis ploj ntawm -35 ° C.
- Blueberry vaj Elizabeth. Siab kab lis kev cai, muaj ib tug ceg siab upright qhov siab ntawm 1.8 m Nws lub meej mom yog yooj yim luam ntawm cuttings. Berries pib kom nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj, fruiting kav txog ob lub lim tiam, yields - 4-6 kg ib Bush. Lawv yog cov loj (txog 22 hli.), Muaj tawv nqaij xiav, qab zib thiab ntxhiab. Elizabeth - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lig ntau yam rau flavor thiab saj, txawm lub fact tias cov sib koom ntawm qoob loo yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen.
- Blueberry Garden Bonus. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab siab tshaj kab lis kev cai. Berries ncav cuag 30 hli. nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, ripen nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj-Lub yim hli ntuj, Sweet mus saj. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau kev noj thiab kom khov. Qhov ntau yam tolerates txias.
Thaum ntxov ntau yam ntawm vaj blueberries
Berries ntawm blueberries yuav nyiam twb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thaum ntxov ntau yam yog:
- Blueberries Vaj Blugold. Thaum Ntxov ntau, muaj ib tug kis Bush. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb xiav, nrog ib tug fragrant ntom nqaij, npaj rau kev siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Xya hli ntuj. Berries wither, lawv yuav tsum tau sau sai sai. Productivity - 4,5 kg los ntawm Bush. Kev coj noj coj ua yog feem ntau pom muaj kab, tsim rau sab qaum teb latitudes.
- Lub vaj blueberry Duke. Siab, yielding (8 kg los ntawm Bush), ib tug thaum ntxov ntau yam uas tsis ntshai Frost nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - lub paj raug khi li lig, lub berries tshwm los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj. Shrubs ntawm blueberry vaj Duke yuav tsum tau txiav kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj. Lub berries muaj ib qho zoo heev saj thiab tsis hnov tsw.
Yuav ua li cas loj hlob blueberries on ib lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab?
Thaum txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob ib lub vaj teb blueberry, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yooj yim cov kev cai rau cov tej yam kev mob ntawm nws cultivation:
- xaiv ib lub hnub ci, uas tau los ntawm cua (hauv ntxoov ntxoo qhov sau yuav qaub thiab me me);
- kom qhia qhov tseeb ntawm acidity ntawm cov av - ib qhov taw qhia yog yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv ntawm 3.5-4.5 (rau cov strengthening ntawm lub parameter, sawdust los ntawm coniferous ntoo yog ntxiv);
- lub chaw rau cog yuav tsum sawv ntsug rau ob peb xyoos "nyob rau hauv lub zog" (tsis muaj dab tsi los zaum);
- cov av xav tau ib tug xoob, cua-permeable (av nplaum xau tsis haum rau cov hauv paus hniav);
- cog lub sij hawm - caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog caij nplooj zeeg. Thaum ntxov rooting yog ntau txhim khu kev qha rau yav tom ntej wintering.
Yuav ua li cas cog ib lub vaj blueberry?
Tswv yim - yuav ua li cas cog ib lub vaj teb blueberry:
- Cog qhov yog khawb hauv lub cheeb ntawm 60 cm thiab tob ntawm 40 cm;
- nteg lub npaj substrate - sphagnum peat, coniferous sawdust, Moss;
- nyob rau hauv aub tsiv muab 2 tbsp. spoons ntawm leej faj rau av acidification;
- seedlings los ntawm lub lauj kaub, ua ke nrog ib tug earthen lump, yog lowered rau hauv dej rau ib nrab ib teev, ces hauv paus system yog maj mam kneaded thiab tua raug cog nyob rau hauv pits;
- Tom qab instilling cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qia yog rammed thiab moistened.
- From saum toj no, lub ntiaj teb yog them nrog sawdust 5 cm tuab, thaum encrusted, nws yog richly nitrogen thiab acids.
Lub vaj teb blueberry loj tuaj li cas?
Kev coj noj coj ua yog ib tsob nroj. Yog li ntawd cog blueberry vaj teb yog nqa tawm ntawm cov kab khiav los ntawm ib lub yub mus rau ib qho 1.5 m, nruab nrab ntawm kab - 1 m. Xws li tsis tau xaiv vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab ceg nyob rau saum npoo av. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug scheme, cov kab lis kev cai tau txais kev pom zoo tshaj plaws thiab fructifies ntau li ntau tau.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm lub vaj teb blueberry
Nroj tsuag tshem tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txoj cai ntawm cultivation. Tsis muaj chaw nkaum nroj tsuag - lawv khoob qhov khoob hauv cov av thiab qeeb ntawm kev pub mis ntawm qhov chaw. Tob ntawm loosening - 10 cm, thiaj li kom tsis txhob puas keeb kwm. Kev txaus siab kev loj hlob ntawm berries nyob ntawm peev xwm watering - vaj blueberry yog noo noo-hlub, sab saum toj txheej ntawm substrate yuav tsum yuav tsum noo noo. Nyob rau hauv tshav kub, nws yuav tsum tau siv lub raj xa dej los ntawm cov dej sov thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij nkawm muab rau pruning thiab fertilizing, rau blueberry vaj yog tsim xwb rau pob zeb hauv av fertilizing. Rau lub caij ntuj no lub bases ntawm bushes yog da dej nrog sawdust.
Av rau lub vaj teb blueberries
Cov nroj tsuag nyiam zeb, peaty xau, yooj yim rau txeem dej thiab cua. Cov kab lis kev cai hlob zoo nyob rau hauv acidic av nrog ib tug pH ntawm 3.5-4.5 - nws yog xav tau rau fungus tias cohabits nrog Bush thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm paus hairs, uas yog qhaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej. Tom qab cog, thaum lub sij hawm uas sulfur thiab koob yog ntxiv rau lub qhov rau acidification, kev saib xyuas ntawm lub vaj teb blueberry muab systematic watering. Yam tsawg kawg ob zaug ib lim piam, citric acid (50 grams ib thoob) ntxiv rau cov kua. Nws muaj peev xwm raug muab hloov nrog vinegar - 50 ml. rau 10 liv dej.
Garden blueberry - watering
Tus nroj tsuag yog heev hygrophilous, nws xav tau heev moisturizing. Bushes ntawm blueberry vaj yuav tsum tsim ib tug Scheme ntawm dej, nyob rau hauv uas keeb kwm yuav suffice noo noo, tab sis nws yuav tsis stagnate rau ntau tshaj ob peb hnub. Moisten lub blueberry ob zaug ib lub lim tiam, nchuav ib thoob dej hauv qab txhua tus neeg laus cog thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub Bush xav tau moisturizing nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj thiab lub yim hli ntuj, tom qab paj buds ntawm lub txiv neej yav tom ntej yog yug.
Pub rau vaj blueberries
Fertilizing lub nroj tsuag pib los ntawm ob xyoo ntawm cultivation thiab yog nqa tawm txoj cai tom qab lub caij ntuj no tsuas nrog pob zeb hauv av tebchaw. Ntxiv cov organic chiv ( compost , tshauv, quav) yog txwv - lawv tsis zoo rau lub Bush. Yuav ua li cas pub lub blueberry vaj caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv thiaj li txhawb nws txoj kev loj hlob:
- superphosphate (100 grams ntawm ib tug Bush);
- ammonium sulfate ;
- zinc sulfate (2 g rau ib qho Bush);
- sulfate ntawm poov tshuaj (2 g. ib Bush);
- Sulfuric magnesium (15 g los ntawm ib tug Bush).
Ammonium sulphate yog nkag tau rau hauv peb theem - thaum lub sij hawm o ntawm cov av, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May thiab Lub rau hli ntuj. Qhov nruab nrab, muab on 90 g. Ib Bush. Lub vaj teb blueberry nws tus kheej qhia koj uas pub mis yog tsim nyog:
- Yog hais tias cov nplooj blush nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yuav tsum tau phosphates;
- yog hais tias lawv ua rau cov me nyuam thiab cov me, tsawg dua nitrogen;
- lub blackening ntawm nplooj qhia tias tsis muaj poov tshuaj;
- yellowing - ib tug tsis muaj boron.
Pruning ntawm vaj blueberry
Yuav kom txhua xyoo noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo berries, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej lub buds swell, los yog nyob rau hauv Autumn tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lub Bush yuav tsum tau txiav. Yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib tug blueberry vaj teb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm crown tsim:
- Thawj molding pruning yog nqa tawm 3-4 xyoos tom qab cog qoob loo. Qhov no txo tag nrho cov qis, qaug zog thiab loj hlob tuaj tua. Cia tawm zog thiab sib zog;
- Txhua txhua xyoo, kev txhim kho kev txhim kho. Ua li no:
- tau tshem ntawm puas, qaug zog, tsis khab seeb;
- loj tua pab 5-6 xyoo, tom qab lawv raug txiav nyob rau hauv av theem;
- nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, lub saum ntawm lub loj hlob loj hlob ceg yog plucked;
- tshem cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov ceg me me ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tua.
Kab mob ntawm vaj blueberry
Shrubs yog tej zaum cuam tshuam los ntawm fungal, kab mob kab mob. Qhov feem ntau mob:
- Fungal kab mob:
- grey lauj kaub ;
- Hluas cancer;
- lig blight;
- fomopsis;
Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm stagnation ntawm dej nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab tsis zoo permeability ntawm cov av. Txhawm rau kho qhov teeb meem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xyuas kom tsim nyog kom muaj dej thiab xoob. Raws li ib tug kev kho mob 2-3 zaug spraying plantations nrog ib tug interval ntawm ib lub lim tiam los ntawm ib tug npaj Topaz (Topsin, Fundazolum) yog thov. Kev kho mob rau lub vaj teb blueberry nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm bushes Bordeaux sib tov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tom qab harvesting.
- Viral kab mob. Qee lub sij hawm tus nroj tsuag cuam tshuam los ntawm microplasma kab mob: mosaic, dwarfism, thinning ntawm ceg, necrotic spotting. Yuav kom kho tau ib tug Bush nws yog ib qhov tsis yooj yim sua - nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav li qhov mob ntawm qhov poob.
Luam ntawm blueberry vaj
Koj muaj peev xwm nce ntawm plantation ntawm Berry bushes nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Yuav ua li cas propagate ib tug blueberry vaj:
- Noob. Lawv tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhuav, khaws cia rau 3 lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub tub yees thiab plated nyob rau hauv ib tug substrate tov nrog qaub peat. Noob them nrog cellophane, watered, loosen. Koj muaj peev xwm cog seedlings nyob rau hauv cov av tom qab 2 xyoo.
- Cuttings. Woody tua yog npaj nyob rau hauv Autumn los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Kev noj qab haus huv ntev npaum li cas ntawm ib lub hlis, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib lub txias txias ntawm 1-5 degrees, ces cog rau hauv ib tug nyob tus mob ntawm peat thiab xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ua ke ntawm 3: 1. Cuttings yog muab tso rau hauv ib zaj duab xis thiab watered peb zaug ib lub lim tiam. Rau ib xyoos, loj hlob muaj zog seedlings, uas muaj peev xwm yuav rooted nyob rau hauv ib tug mus tas li qhov.
- Layering. Ncau ceg yog khoov cia, faus rau hauv ib lub substrate (peat, sawdust, xuab zeb) thiab them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis. Los ntawm leej niam lub Bush lub txheej yog cais rau lub xyoo tom ntej, tab sis lub sij hawm qee zaum nce.