CHD (congenital heart disease) nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov anatomical abnormality ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub plawv nws tus kheej, nws cov hlab ntsha los yog lub tshuab ntaus valve, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm kev mob hlwb intrauterine. Nws cov zaus yog kwv yees li 0.8% feem ntau thiab 30% ntawm tag nrho cov malformations. Lub plawv defects yog thawj zaug hauv kev tuag ntawm cov me nyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam hauv ib xyoos. Thaum tus me nyuam mus txog 12 lub hlis, qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj yog txo txog 5%.
CHD hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab - ua rau
Qee lub sij hawm qhov kev tsim ntawm UPN yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tiam sis feem ntau lawv tshwm sim los ntawm sab nraud influences rau leej niam thiab tus me nyuam thaum cev xeeb tub, xws li:
- kis kab mob, piv txwv, rubella;
- alcoholism, niam txoj kev tiv thaiv;
- txais tos ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog;
- kev raug mob;
- teebmeem ntawm hluav taws xob.
Ntxiv rau, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam uas yuav ua rau muaj feem yuav ua rau tus me nyuam muaj mob CHD:
- yog tias leej niam tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 35 xyoo;
- qhov muaj cov kab mob endocrine hauv ib tus poj niam;
- kev hem thawj ntawm rho menyuam ;
- kev yug me nyuam ntawm kev tuag, yug me nyuam ntawm niam;
- abortions;
- muaj cov me nyuam los yog cov txheeb ze nrog UPU.
CHD hauv cov menyuam yaus - cov tsos mob
Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm CHD nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam tuaj yeem pom txawm tias thaum lub caij nyoog 16-18 ntawm kev xeeb tub ultrasound, tiam sis feem ntau qhov kev kuaj no yog muab rau cov me nyuam tom qab yug los. Qee lub sij hawm lub plawv tsis xws luag nyuab nyuab lawm los tshawb nrhiav tam sim ntawd, yog li cov niam txiv yuav tsum ceev faj txog cov tsos mob nram qab no:
- pallor thiab cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab , pob ntseg, nqua;
- pallor thiab coldness ntawm cwjmem thiab ceg;
- lub npe hu ua "heart hump", pom ntawm palpation;
- tsis zoo nce phaus;
- sluggishness ntawm tus me nyuam, qhov tsos ntawm ua tsis taus pa;
- nrov hauv lub plawv;
- cov tsos mob ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.
Thaum pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim, cov me nyuam yog thawj zaug tau hais rau lub plawv keeb kwm, lub tshuab electrocardiogram thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb.
UPU qhov kev faib tawm
Tamsim no, ntau tshaj 100 hom kab mob hauv lub plawv yog qhov sib cais, tiam sis, lawv qhov kev faib tawm tsis yooj yim vim tias ntau zaus lawv ua ke thiab, raws li, cov kab mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog "sib xyaw".
Rau cov kws kho mob, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab kev qhia tawm, uas yog xyuas raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub voj voog me me thiab muaj cyanosis:
- vices nrog ib tshaj ntawm cov ntshav kev nyob hauv lub voj voog me me;
- ua txhaum ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib cais hauv tsev neeg;
- ua txhaum ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv;
- cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub voj voog me me ntawm cov ntshav ncig;
- qhib ntawm ductus arteriosus;
- tetrad ntawm Fallot;
- stenosis ntawm pulmonary artery;
- coarctation ntawm aorta;
- transposition ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj;
- stenosis ntawm aortic aorta;
- cov teeb meem tsis zoo nrog kev coj ntawm cov nyhav nyiaj.
Kev kho mob ntawm CHD rau menyuam yaus
Txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev kho mob CHD hauv cov menyuam yaus yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev paub. Yog li, yog tias pom muaj qhov pom tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm xeeb tub, niam txiv yav tom ntej yog tus saib xyuas cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, siv cov tshuaj los txhawb tus me nyuam lub plawv. Tsis tas li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xav kom caesarean seem kom tsis txhob muaj kev ua si.
Txog hnub tim, muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau kev kho tus kab mob no, qhov kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm seb yam mob hnyav npaum li cas:
- intravascular tiv thaiv nrog kev pab los ntawm occluders, txoj cai, balloons thiab lwm yam cuab yeej uas kho tau tus kho raws li thiab rov qab zoo dua qub ntshav;
- qhib kev phais kom tshem tawm cov UPU - txog thaum nyuam qhuav, qhov tsuas yog txoj kev kho mob.