Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog cov tshwj xeeb caste. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau yooj yim nrhiav ib hom lus, kov yeej txhua yam lus tsis sib thooj. Cov kev cai ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, kev lom zem thiab loj heev, zoo li nyob hauv Moscow, London , thiab Sorbonne. Txawm lawv tus kheej kev ua koob tsheej - Cov menyuam kawm ntawv International Day ntawm tag nrho ntiaj teb ua kev zoo siab rau hnub teem - Kaum Ib Hlis 17.
Ntiaj Teb Hnub Nyoog Kawm Ntawv: keeb kwm ntawm hnub caiv
Txawm hais tias muaj kev xyiv fab thiab kev tsis sib haum ntawm tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, hnub so no muaj ib zaj dab neeg zoo siab heev. Lub Kaum Hli 28, 1939, hauv Czechoslovakia, nyob ntawm Nazis, cov tub ntxhais kawm coj los ntawm cov xibfwb tau tuaj xyuas ua qauv qhia txog lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub xeev Czechoslovakia. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm tau muab cov ntsiab lus phem tso tawm, ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv raug mob ntawm Jan Opletal. Lub ntees tuag ntawm lub activist, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15, tau hloov mus rau hauv tawm tsam, uas tau kawm los ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg. Thaum sawv ntxov hnub Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17, Gestapo cov tub ceev xwm tau ncig cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm thiab tau ntes txog 1,300 tus neeg. Cov neeg raug ntes tau raug xa mus rau ib qho chaw pw hauv Sachsenhausen, thiab cuaj menyuam raug tua nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm Prague lub tsev loj cuj nyob hauv Ruzyne. Nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm Hitler, tag nrho Czech universities hauv Czech koom pheej raug kaw kom txog hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub Student Student Congress tau tshaj tawm tias lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17 yuav suav tias yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv. Hnub no lub ncauj lus hais txog kev sib koom siab tseem nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub caiv no yog hu ua Student Day.
Nyob rau hauv Belarus , Ukraine thiab Russia rau Lub Ib Hlis 25, cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua kev zoo siab rau lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv hnub hu ua Tatyana's Day. Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov hnub caiv pib thaum 1755, thaum Lavxias Empress tau pom zoo qhov kev txiav txim rau lub hauv paus ntawm Moscow University, tom qab ntawd yog qhov chaw ntawm kev xav thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Nws yog noteworthy tias qhov no decree raug pom zoo rau hnub ntawm martyr Tatiana. Kev lig kev cai, lub hnub so tau muaj ntau qhov chaw: qhov kev tshwm sim ua tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab kev ua koob tsheej uas sawvdaws muaj peev xwm koom tau. Hnub ntawd, txhua tus neeg, suav nrog cov tub ceev xwm, tau txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv haus.
Txij li thaum xyoo 2005, hnub ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 25 tau muab teev tseg tias "Hnub ntawm Lavxias Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm". Hnub ntawm cov hnub caiv yog qhov piv txwv, vim nws coincides nrog hnub kawg ntawm thawj nees nkaum thawj lub lim tiam tsev kawm ntawv. Kev lig kev cai nyob rau hnub no qhov kev sib kho ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo xaus, tom qab uas lub caij ntuj sov hnub so pib.
Yuav ua li cas mus ua kev zoo siab rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv hnub?
Feem ntau, kev ua koob tsheej tau muab faib ua ke: ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab uas cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv zoo siab mus rau lub chaw noj mov, ib qho chaw ua hmo ntuj lossis mus dacha. Rau txhua lub "halves" ntawm kev ua koob tsheej muaj lawv cov kev xaiv.
Rau cov nom ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev sib koom tes:
- them ntsa ntawv xov xwm;
- pib kev rau thawj cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj ntau yam kev xeem;
- kev ua tau zoo ntawm KVN pawg;
- yeeb yaj duab hais txog lub neej ntawm ntau lub ntsej muag;
- thim thiab kev sib tw.
Nyob rau hnub uas tau ua koob tsheej rau Hnub Xib Hwb, cov rooj sib tham nrog cov KVN cov hnub qub thiab cov hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj nyob rau ntawm cov pawg. Ntawm ob tog, raws li txoj cai, muaj ntau tus neeg, thiab qhov chaw cim tau ntev ntev.
Yog tias koj cov phooj ywg muaj tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, ces koj yuav tsum nug cov lus nug xwb: Kuv yuav muab dab tsi rau tus me nyuam kawm ntawv hnub?
- kov nrog nraim cov ntawv khib lav;
- txias poob ntawm ib la "rau ib hnub los nag";
- ntau phau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv kawm;
- cawv (raws li ib qho teeb meem ntawm chav kawm);
- khoom plig flash drives thiab lwm yam khoom siv zoo.
Nco ntsoov tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis muaj lub siab ntev nyob rau hauv khoom plig, yog li koj tuaj yeem qhia txhua yam uas yuav pab tau.