Txawm nyob rau hauv nplua nuj av, tus tawm los ntawm bushes tsawg dua nrog lub sij hawm, pub ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog ib qho tsim nyog ua hauj lwm, pab kom them nyiaj nruab nrab ntawm txhua xyoo xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau tseem ceeb ntsiab. Rau ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb kom coj tau zoo, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov khoom uas yuav tsum muaj rau kab lis kev cai no nyob hauv thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Yuav ua li cas pub grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav?
Ib tug zoo sau ntawm ib hnub ci vine tsuas yog ua tau rau ib tug vine grower uas yuav muaj peev xwm npaj cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev coj tus kheej bushes competently. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav pub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev ntsuas, kev ua yuam kev uas tsis tsim nyog. Pib tshiab npaj yuav yuav cov pob zeb hauv av chiv yuav tsum to taub cov npe ntawm tseem ceeb tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag zuj zus:
- Nitrogen - yuav pab tau kom tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm ntsuab loj.
- Phosphorus - yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thaum lub sij hawm flowering thiab tying tag nrho-bodied berries nyob rau bushes.
- Poov tshuaj - yog yuav tsum tau rau cov photosynthesis thiab ntawm tes tso, rau kev hloov ntawm cov txiv hmab kom txias.
- Boron - pub lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav no lub caij no yuav tsum tau tsim los tsim kho lub germination ntawm pollen, maturation, txhim kho qab zib cov ntsiab lus.
- Copper - txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm vegetative loj, nce lub nroj tus drought tsis kam thiab txias tsis kam.
- Zinc - cuam tshuam nitrogen txauv thiab vine tawm los.
Pub ntawm cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv
Qhov yuav tsum tau pob zeb hauv av chiv rau cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tsum tau nkag los ntawm lub caij lub sij hawm qhib qhib lub caij nplooj ntoo, yog li ntawd los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cos blossoming lawv tau yaj thiab hu lub hauv paus system. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hau kev xaiv seb yuav ua li cas thiaj zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo:
- Watering lub teb chaws nyob ze lub grape nrog ib tug daws ntawm chiv.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv ua ke nrog organics rau hauv grooves.
- Qhov qhia txog cov kua pleev xim rau hauv cov kav dej tshwj xeeb rau kev ceev ceev ntawm cov khoom siv tau ncaj qha mus rau cov hauv paus hniav.
- Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav foliar saum khaub ncaws.
Nitrogen chiv rau grapes
Feem ntau nrog lub hom phiaj no, cov neeg ua teb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv cov nitrate los yog ammonium sulphate. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no yog nce siab yog hais tias superphosphate ntxiv nrog nitrogen. Lub xeem fertilizer yog pom zoo kom yuav tsum tau ntim nrog dej los ntawm lub hmo ntuj xwv kom nws muaj peev xwm zoo yaj. Thawj daim ntawv thov siv 50 g ntawm saltpeter thiab mus txog 100 g ntawm superphosphate. Lwm hom zoo ntawm nitrogen fertilizing yog urea.
Pub grapes nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav urea:
- Thawj lub sij hawm - yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub yim ntawm discovery nyob rau hauv lub trenches, dug ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub cev lub voj voog. 40 g ntawm carbamide, 40 g ntawm phosphorus fertilizer thiab 30 g ntawm poov tshuaj fertilizer yog siv.
- Tom ntej fertilization nrog carbamide ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, tsim ua ke nrog poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus nyob rau hauv tib lub ratio.
Cov poov tshuaj chiv rau cov txiv hmab
Pov teb chiv tuaj yeem nqa tuaj rau ntau hom ntawv rau cov khw muag khoom chains, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm cov ntawv. Piv txwv li, potassium chloride yuav txo tau tag nrho cov vines, thiab potassium sulfate thiab potassium phosphate ua ke nrog nitrogen-muaj sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws nce kev loj hlob ntawm ntsuab feem ntawm bushes. Qhov no yam khoom rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub caij txog li 4 lub sij hawm - tom qab qhib, ua ntej flowering, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm active fruiting, nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ripening ntawm grapes.
Potash chiv rau grapevines:
- Tshuaj kua tshuaj chloride - nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav on vineyards tsis pom zoo.
- Phosphorus sulphate yog yooj yim hauv tsheb thauj mus los thiab cia, nws coj nyiaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev pub mis.
- Kalimagnesia fertilization yog pom zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub teeb xau, dua li cov potassium nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb magnesium.
- Cub tshauv - muaj keeb kwm natural, harmless, potassium oxide yuav muaj txog li 14%.
Complex fertilizer rau grapes
Kev siv cov chiv ua ke ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev tu cov nroj tsuag, txo cov nqi cia, qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshwm sim sai dua thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv cov feem ntawm cov vine nce. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav hauv paus zaub ntawm cov txiv hmab yuav muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim yog tias cov kev ntsuam xyuas av tau ua rau hnub ua ntej, thiaj li xav tau ntau dua xam cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj siv hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Ntau yam ntawm nrov ua chiv:
- Ammophos - 10% N thiab 45% P.
- Diammophos - 21% N thiab 53% P.
- Ammonium polyphosphate yog 23% N thiab 67% P.
- Cov tshuaj nitrate - 14% N thiab 46.5% K.
- Nitrofosca - txog 16% N, mus txog 16% P thiab nce txog 16% K.
- Metaphosphate ntawm poov tshuaj - txog li 60% P thiab 40% K.
- Nitroammophoska - 18% N, 18% K, 18% P.
Yuav ua li cas pub grapes nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog pej xeem tshuaj?
Kev kho haiv neeg muaj peev xwm pab tau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev muaj kab tshav, yog siv rau qhov feem pua thiab qhov sij hawm tsim nyog. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv suburban cheeb tsam manure, tshauv, mulch , herbal infusion, peat, compost, litter ntawm cov noog, qhov chaw yog tau los ntawm siderates. Pub cov noob txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj nws cov pros thiab cons, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov zoo ntawm pub nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav organic on lub vineyard:
- Organic chiv los ntawm tau los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu los yog cov qoob loo ntau ntxiv tas li, yog li lawv siv nyob rau hauv qhov muaj subsidiary farming yog yuav luag dawb.
- Cov khoom paug nyob rau saum cov khaub ncaws saum toj no muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv tshaj plaws.
- Organic fertilizing zoo cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm cov av.
Minuses ntawm thov organic fertilizing rau grape nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav:
- Nws yog nyuaj los tswj lub koob tshuaj ntawm cov ntxhuav teeb meem.
- Kev pub noj mov yog txuas nrog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev taw qhia txog ib lub vaj txiv hmab ntawm cov laib, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kev sib ntsaus ntsig.
Pub grapes nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav nqaij qaib droppings
Ua tiav txiv hmab txiv ntoo fertilization nrog nqaij qaib broth yuav pab kom saturate cov av nrog ib tug tag nrho txheej ntawm tseem ceeb tshuaj, tab sis daim ntawv thov ntawm no natural fertilizer yuav tsum tau ua kom raws li ua tib zoo li sai tau li tsis mus hlawv lub nroj. Daim ntawv qhia rau kev npaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov yooj yim:
- Dilute nyob rau hauv ib lub khob ntim quav dej hauv qhov feem ntawm 1: 2.
- Cov tshuaj no kis mus txog 2 lis piam.
- Yuav kom fertilize lub grape nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub fertilizer tau Bred nrog dej huv 1:10.
- Cov tshuaj txhuam npaj kom txaus yog txaus dej 1 m² ntawm av.
Grape noj nrog ashes
Cov ntoo tshauv muaj cov nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv - 40% calcium, 10% phosphorus, about 20% potassium, magnesium thiab lwm yam kab. Lub fertilization ntawm grapes nrog ya tshauv yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:
- Insertion ntawm qhuav tshauv rau hauv qhov nyob ze ntawm lub thoob li 2 kg ib tug neeg laus Bush.
- Foliar sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws nrog tshauv hlav - microfertilizer yog muab tso rau hauv cov thoob nrog dej 1: 2 thiab ntxiv hais txog li 3 hnub, ua ntej siv, qhov kev npaj ua kom zoo zoo.
- Rau watering lub vineyard - 1 liter ntawm cov hmoov tshauv diluted nrog 3 liv dej, infusion yog tsim 24 xuab moos, ces diluted nrog dej mus rau 10 liv.