Protein lug yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom muaj protein ntau nyob rau hauv cov qaug tshuaj lom me ntsis, thiab thaum muaj kev txo lossis nce hauv lawv cov concentration, ib tug tuaj yeem hais txog kev ua txhaum ntawm qee lub zog ntawm lub cev. Rau cov nqi thiab cov kev hloov ntawm qhov ntsuas li cov protein nyob hauv cov zis, peb tham ntxiv.
Protein nyob rau hauv cov zis - nws txhais li cas?
Kev soj ntsuam ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov zis, cov protein yog kuaj tas li, vim qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev kuaj mob. Cov kab mob zis ua rau hauv ob lub raum los ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm cov ntshav muaj peev xwm muaj feem xyuam nrog cov zauv feem ntau ntawm cov kabmob protein, tsuas yog me me, uas yog nyob ntawm cov kev txwv tsis pub paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nrog rau lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev lim dej ntawm lub raum, cov protein molecules, vim hais tias lawv loj loj, tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov zis, yog li thawj qhov khoom uas protein nyob hauv cov zis txhais tau tias yog ib qho tsis haum ntawm lub raum lim dej pom.
Protein nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv, uas nws cov ntshav tsis ntau tshaj 0.033 g / l (8 mg / dl) hauv cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo, hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem kuaj tau li ntawm 0.14 g / l, uas yog qhov zoo. Cov kev ntseeg no piv rau txoj kev txiav txim los ntawm sulfosalicylic acid. Nws yog tsim nyog pom tias daim duab ntau dua ntawm kev txhim kho tsis yog los ntawm cov nyiaj protein ntau hauv ib feem ntawm cov zis, tiam sis los ntawm cov protein txhua hnub hauv cov zis, txiav txim siab hauv tag nrho cov ntim ntawm kua uas ua los ntawm ob lub raum nyob rau hauv ib hnub.
Proteinuria - hom thiab mechanisms ntawm kev loj hlob
Ib qho mob uas zis tau qhia tias muaj protein ntau ntawm cov kab mob siab tshaj cov kab mob hu ua proteinuria. Hauv qhov no, lub cev poob ntau tshaj 150 mg ntawm cov zauv feem protein ntau hauv ib hnub. Syndrome ntawm proteinuria tuaj yeem yog lub cev muaj mob (functional) los yog pathological, thiab tsis tas li nws yog txuam nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev mob ntawm lub cev.
Functional proteinuria
Ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv cov protein nyob hauv cov zis, uas yog kis hws, yog qee zaum pom hauv cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo hauv qee qhov kev mob. Rau hnub, mechanisms rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj ntsha proteinuria tsis tau raug tshawb tag nrho, tab sis nws ntseeg tau hais tias qhov no yog vim ib qho kev ua tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob hauv lub raum tsis muaj kev hloov ntawm anatomical. Physiological proteinuria faib rau cov hom nram qab no:
- Orthostatic proteinuria (postural) - muab sau tseg rau cov neeg hluas nrog asthenic physique tom qab ntev nyob hauv kev sawv los yog tom qab taug kev, thiab tom qab pw hauv txoj hauj lwm supine tsis tuaj kawm ntawv (yog li ntawd thaum sawv ntxov feem ntawm protein tsis yog kuaj xyuas).
- Feverish - yog txiav txim siab thaum lub caij ua npaws, nrog rau kev qaug ntawm lub cev.
- Alimentary - tom qab noj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom noj, saturated nrog proteins.
- Centrogenic - raws li ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev quab yuam, lub hlwb ntawm lub hlwb.
- Kev xav - nrog ntau kev nyuab siab, puas siab puas ntsws.
- Ua hauj lwm (proteinuria ntawm nro) - tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub cev kev quab yuam, kev kawm (vim ib qho kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov ntshav txaus rau lub raum).
Pathological proteinuria
Cov protein ntau nyob hauv cov zis yuav ua rau lub plab thiab cov pob txha. Cov kab mob pathological kev noj chaw hauv ob lub raum yog raws li kev sib txawv mechanisms, nyob ntawm seb:
- Glomerular proteinuria - yog txuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau peripheral glomeruli, muaj zog permeability ntawm glomerular hov phaj membrane (hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov ntshav nyob hauv cov zis ntawm cov kua ntshiab cov ntshav qab zib).
- Tubular proteinuria yog vim muaj kev txawv txav ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ntswg vim yog anatomical los sis cov kev ua haujlwm hauv lub cev, uas muaj peev xwm reabsorb proteins uas ploj lawm, los yog cov proteins uas tawm los ntawm tubular epithelium.
Raws li qhov phem ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau glomerular lim, glomerular proteinuria faib rau cov hom nram qab no:
- Selective proteinuria - tshwm sim nrog lub me lesion (feem ntau reversible), thaum yus nkag mus ntawm cov proteins uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj molecular nyhav.
- Tsis xaiv cov roj proteinuria - qhia txog qhov mob hnyav, uas ua rau cov phev siab loj los sis nruab nrab ntawm cov feem xyuam nrog cov txheej txheem glomerular.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev mob ntsws nyob hauv ob lub raum:
- Proteinuria ntawm puv (prerenal), uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau cov khoom thiab cov txuam hauv cov ntshav ntshav ntawm cov proteins uas tsis muaj molecular phaus (myoglobin, hemoglobin).
- Postrednaya - vim qias neeg nyob rau hauv cov zis, lub ncauj lim ntshav, hnoos qeev thiab muaj protein ntau nrog qhov mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lossis qhov chaw mos.
Noj cov proteinuria, uas yog thaum muaj cov kab mob muaj protein ntau nyob hauv cov zis tsis muaj teebmeem hauv lub raum, lwm cov tsos mob lossis kev mob. Cov neeg mob nrog tus mob no yog cov muaj feem yuav ua rau lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm tom qab ob peb xyoos. Feem ntau, cov protein tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj ntau tshaj 2 g tauj ib hnub.
Proteinuria - theem
Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov zis, muaj peb theem ntawm proteinuria:
- Maj mam qhia (tsis tseem ceeb) - 150-500 mg ib hnub twg;
- mob pes tsawg zaus - 500-2000 mg ib hnub;
- tseem ceeb proteinuria (qhia) - tshaj 2000 mg tauj ib hnub.
Protein nyob rau hauv cov zis
Xav tias yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj protein ntau nyob rau ntawm cov zis, peb yuav sau tau qee yam uas muaj feem xyuam rau kev mob raum thiab lwm yam kab mob. Kev mob raum ua rau muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis yog raws li nram no:
- ideopathic glomerulonephritis ;
- pyelonephritis ;
- mob kab mob hnoos hawb polycystic;
- amyloidosis ntawm ob lub raum ;
- glomerulosclerosis;
- tuberculosis ntawm ob lub raum;
- lupus nephritis;
- mob tubular necrosis;
- tsis ua mob ntawm kev hloov raum;
- thrombosis ntawm cov kaus hniav hauv plab;
- raum hlav;
- raug mob rau lub raum.
Ua rau ntawm tus kab mob extrarenal:
- persistent hypertension;
- inflammatory thiab qog kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary;
- Toxicinfections;
- piam thaj thiab ntshav qab zib insipidus ;
- cov kab mob ntshav qab zib;
- lub qhov cub tawg loj loj;
- mob ntsws cancer ;
- malignant qog ntawm digestive system.
Txhaj tshuaj - Proteinuria
Nqa tawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb xws li proteinuria txhua hnub, raug nquahu kom tsis tu ncua rau cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau hom kab mob hauv lub raum. Rau tus so ntawm cov neeg, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog tus kws kho mob yog tias muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov ntsiab lus muaj protein ntau thaum kuaj zis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ceeb heev kom xa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshawb nrhiav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Txhua hnub proteinuria - yuav coj li cas?
Yog tias koj xav paub seb qhov proteinuria txhua hnub zoo li cas, yuav ua li cas coj los zais, cov cai hauv qab no yuav ua:
- Nyob rau hnub ntawm sau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsom, haus thiab zaub mov noj yuav tsum paub, unchanged.
- Lub khob ntim quav yog siv qis, nrog lub ntim tsawg kawg ntawm peb lub liters, hermetically sealed.
- Thawj thawj feem ntawm cov zis tsis mus.
- Qhov kawg ntawm cov zis yog ua raws nraim 24 teev tom qab thawj zaug.
- Ua ntej txhua txoj kev tso zis, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav koj cov qis nrog dej sov nrog rau ib txoj kev tu cev tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis so qhuav nrog lub paj rwb.
- Thaum xaus ntawm cov zis, txog li 100 ml ntawm cov ntaub ntim khoom tau muab pov tseg rau hauv lub txee tshiab los ntawm tag nrho cov peev thiab muab xa mus rau hauv kev sim hauv ob xuab moos.
Proteinuria yog cov cai
Nws ntseeg tias tus qauv protein ntau hauv cov zis ntawm tus neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo, tau sau thaum nruab hnub ntawm so, yog kwv yees li 50-100 mg. Tshaj li qhov ntsuas ntawm 150 mg / hnub yog qhov laj thawj loj heev rau lub suab lus ceeb toom thiab paub tias yog vim li cas rau qhov sib txawv, rau lwm yam tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau. Yog hais tias cov zis ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tau muab coj tawm tsam cov keeb kwm ntawm lub cev, qhov kev txwv qis tshaj ntawm cov cai raug teev cia ntawm 250 mg / hnub.
Protein nyob rau hauv cov zis - kev kho mob
Txij thaum muaj protein ntau nyob hauv cov zis tsis yog ib qho kev paub tab, tab sis ib qho ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws tsim nyog los kho tus kab mob uas ua rau yus lub cev. Cov kev kho ntawm kev kho mob yuav muaj ntau hom, nyob ntawm seb yam mob hnyav thiab mob hnyav npaum li cas, muaj kab mob hauv lub cev, hnub nyoog. Feem ntau thaum tus mob zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub plhaub hauv plab, proteinuria txo lossis ploj.