Pear Lada - tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam, lub secrets ntawm ib tug zoo sau

Lub pear thaum ntxov Lada twb bred by hla ob ntau yam - Olga thiab Lesnaya Bela los ntawm Lavxias teb sab breeders nyob rau hauv 1993. Nws tau ntse dhau lub hauv paus thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Zoo zoo ntawm ntau yam: tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau scab) thiab txias, yooj yim ntawm kev kho mob, ntev ntawm tsob ntoo, unpretentiousness mus rau cov av.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm pear Lada

Kab lis kev cai hais txog ntxov thiab high-yielding cov qoob loo. Pear Lada - ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam:

• tsob ntoo yog medium-qhov loj qhov me, qhov ntom ntawm cov ceg yog me me;
• Lub qia ib feem ntawm lub pob tw yog grey, tus tua yog ntawm Hawj txawm daj, lawv distinguished los ntawm ib tug crimp me ntsis;
• nplooj - oval-elongated, matte, glossy nyob rau sab nraud, nkhaus raws vib lub central, ntug me ntsis serrate;
• paj nrog corymb-puab brushes nrog 5-7 rosettes ntawm nruab nrab dawb tsos nqaij daim tawv;
• txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib qho kev ntxhib ntxoo, ib qho dej saum npoo, tawv nyias. Cov xim ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb daj nrog ib tug me ntsis reddish blush;
• Cov nqaij yog xim nyob rau hauv hawj yellowish dawb, muaj ib lub qab zib thiab qaub saj, muaj kua thiab fragrant.

Thaum twg lub pear pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo?

Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai yog nws cov qib siab thiab cov kev loj hlob sai ntawm tsob ntoo. Rau xyoo twg yog pear dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo Lada:

• seedling pib coj ib tug tag nrho qoob loo rau 3-4 xyoo tom qab tsaws nws nyob rau ib qho chaw mus tas li;
• tsob ntoo yuav qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws tawm los tom qab 7-8 xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob.

Pear Lada - cov ntsiab lus ntawm maturation

Cov tsiaj yog suav tias yog thaum ntxov, lub sij hawm thaum lub pear fructifies Lada - pib los yog nruab nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, uas yog, es lwm yam ntau yam. Lawv tsis crumble thiab dai rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau ceg, tab sis tsis muaj yuav tsum tau tswj tuav tus sau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav poob nws cov saj. Tom qab harvesting lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab lub sij hawm nruab nrab - txog 55-65 hnub ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 0 ° C. Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm qib yuav muaj kev tsis pom zoo rau kev thauj mus los.

Pear Lada - khoom tsim tau

Garden pear Lada nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm high tawm los. Yog tias koj tu rau tsob ntoo, ces ib daim luam tau 45-50 kg ntawm pears - 10-15 thoob txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 100-150 g. Ntawm tsob ntoo lawv sib npaug sib npaug, nyob rau sab saum toj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem ncav lub siab ntawm 200 g Lada - lub caij ntuj no hardy, tsis muaj vaj tse yog zoo li muaj cov mob khaub thuas, yields yog li niaj zaus. Lub virtue ntawm ntau yam yog self-fertility, nws muaj peev xwm yuav zus on me me nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus tawm los ntawm tsob ntoo tsis poob.

Pear Lada - qhov siab ntawm ib tsob ntoo laus

Lub vaj ntoo no yog ib lub txaj, nws muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov siab. Feeb ntau, qhov siab ntawm Lada pear yog 2.5-3 m. Lub crown ua ntej fruiting (txog li 3 xyoos) muaj ib tug funnel duab, tom qab - lub pyramidal. Zoo lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab tsis muaj propensity rau thickening muab Lada ib tug zoo dua, nrog zoo saib xyuas cov ntoo tau nyob txog li 90 xyoo, zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev coj yog khaws cia ntawm nruab nrab kom txog thaum 60-70.

Yuav ua li cas cog ib tug pear Lada?

Nroj tsuag ib tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av nyob rau hauv Autumn los yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab Frost. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau Lada pear yuav yog sab qab teb ntawm lub vaj teb uas tsis muaj cua txias nrog ntau lub hnub. Tsob ntoo yog unpretentious rau cov av, nws yog haum rau chernozem los yog loamy av. On lawv, kab lis kev cai yuav tawm los rau ib tug zoo sau. Yog hais tias lub site yog yeej los ntawm av nplaum, nws yog supplemented nrog peat thiab River xuab zeb.

Rau Autumn cog nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, lub cuab ntxhiab fertilized nrog 7 kg ntawm compost, 50 g ntawm superphosphate, 25 g ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev rau ib 1 m ² . Tom qab ntawd nws yog dug mus rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm tus moov mog me me. Tsaws yog nqa tawm los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Ob lub lim tiam ua ntej nws, ib tug pit nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 1.3 m thiab ib qhov tob ntawm 80 cm yog npaj, uas yog ntim nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm av nrog chiv: 200 g ntawm azofosca, 10 kg ntawm compost, 600 g ntawm tshauv, 700 g ntawm dolomite. Nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov rooj zaum - 1-2 m.

Rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog, lub hauv paus pit yog npaj thiab fertilized nyob rau hauv Autumn. Cov txheej txheem rau rooting yog nqa tawm kom txog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis, kom txog thaum lub buds tshwm, yog li hais tias cov nroj tsuag tau muaj sij hawm los khom cia zoo ua ntej lub caij ntuj no. Cog ib pear Lada nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav:

• haum rau yug me nyuam yog seedlings 1-2 xyoos nrog muaj zog rootlets ntawm 20-25 cm;
• cov av qis hauv qab ntawm tsob ntoo yog nyob rau hauv dej rau 2 teev thiab dipped rau hauv av nplaum sib tham;
• nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus pit ib tug aub tsiv yog ua nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 1 m thiab ib qhov tob ntawm 70 cm;
• Rau hauv qab 10 qe hammered, uas yuav muab khoom noj rau tsob ntoo hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej;
• ib tug ntoo pas yog tsau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw;
• lub seedling yog lowered rau hauv lub qhov, lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm ib theem ntawm 6 cm saum toj no rau theem ntawm qhov aub tsiv;
• thaum cog, tsob ntoo yog me ntsis tsa kom lub ntiaj teb sags;
• keeb kwm kis thiab ntxim nyiam raus nrog av, lub substrate yog me ntsis rammed;
• nyob ze ntawm lub pob tw ib tug toj yog tsim, thiaj li hais tias hauv paus caj dab tsis mus tob;
• ib ncig ntawm lub seedling ua ib puag ncig qhov, uas pours 3 thoob dej, hauv av yog mulched nrog peat los yog humus.

Ntau ntawm pears Lada - kev kho mob

Muab kev kho kom zoo rau Lada cov pob txha zoo tib yam nyob hauv cov dej, kev txiav rau me nyuam, kev pub mis. Ib co nta ntawm cultivation:

1. Tsob ntoo yog drought-resistant thiab tsis xav tau heev dej, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ntau. Humidification yog nqa tawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug ntev drought, thiab kuj nyob rau theem ntawm fruiting. Tom qab ntawd txhua txhua cov tub ntxhais hluas seedling yuav tsum tau muab ob thoob thoob dej, ib tug neeg laus tsob ntoo - 4-5. Rau dej nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ib puag ncig lub cev nrog lub paj hlwb ntawm 20 cm Muab lub tsob ntoo nrog noo noo thiab tob Autumn ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost, ces hauv paus system yuav loj hlob zoo, thiab seedling yuav yooj yim dais lub caij ntuj no.
2. Tom qab watering, nws yog pom zoo kom loosen cov av kom tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, ua kom lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab thiab rov qab muab cov khoom ntawm oxygen mus rau lub keeb kwm.
3. Rau lub caij ntuj no, lub cev pob tw yog qhia kom pleev, uas yuav ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag. Pristruilny lub voj voog nws yog zoo dua rau sprinkle nrog sawdust.

Trimming pears Lada

Garden pear Lada trimmed nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj kom txog thaum lub SAP khiav. Nws tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub qub ceg, qhov kev tso cai rau koj los tsim kho cov tsos ntawm cov tshiab ob lub raum. Nyob rau hauv thawj 3-4 xyoo ntawm lub neej, tsob ntoo yog tsim nrog qhov tseeb symmetrical crown - nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav 4 muaj zog tshaj ceg sab laug, shortening lawv thiab central core los ntawm 25%. Pear Lada tsis muaj lub caij ntuj sov pruning. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn, kev saib xyuas tau tshem tawm puas, raug mob, intertwined ceg, qub, qhuav qhuav, thinning lub crown. Seem nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm ntau tshaj 1.5 cm yog kho nrog vaj teb sauce .

Pear Lada - pollination

Garden pear Lada yog hais txog cov tsiaj nyeg self-fertilized. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kom nce fruitfulness thiab saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws, koj yuav tsum cog lwm yam ntau yam. Lub ntsiab qauv rau xaiv yog lub coincidence ntawm flowering lub sij hawm thiab qhov loj ntawm lub crown. Cov mob no ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis tau poob vim yog kev ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag los ntawm lwm tus. Pear Lada - qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators: Severyanka, Chizhovskaya, Cosmic, Rogneda. Lawv muaj qhov nruab nrab me me yas. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum yog 4 m Rau ib qho chaw pollination, 5 ncej ntawm Lada ntau yam yuav txaus rau ib tus pollinator.

Nyuv-puab Pear Lada - fertilizer

Ib tug tshwj xeeb feature ntawm no ntau yam yog nws high rhiab heev rau ib tug tsis muaj muab kev pab cuam. Thaum tsis muaj cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo, cov ntoo pib tsis muaj zog, nws tuaj yeem mob thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau lub caij ntuj no. Nrog 2 los yog 3 xyoo ntawm lub neej lub seedling pib fertilize. Pear Lada - piav qhia ntawm pub mis:

1. Thawj theem yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab tsim cov huab cua qhuav thaum lub sij hawm o ntawm ob lub raum. Ua li no, siv cov organic: 90 g ntawm carbamide (los yog nqaij qaib) rau 7 liv dej, tsob ntoo yog poured nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nrog 2-3 thoob ntawm nyob tus yeees.
2. Tom qab flowering, lub seedling yuav fertilized nrog 3 thoob ntawm nitroammophoska diluted nrog dej 1: 200.
3. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, thaum lub sij hawm tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub pob tw, ib tug mullein los yog slurry yog tswvcuab, diluting lawv nrog dej 1: 6. Tus nqi siv yog 2 thoob rau ib tsob ntoo.
4. Nyob rau hauv Autumn, thaum tag nrho cov foliage yog ploj mus, lawv npaj ib tug thib peb pub: 15 g ntawm poov tshuaj chloride thiab 35 g ntawm superphosphate yog bred nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej. Ib feem ntawm cov composition yog txaus rau fertilizing 1 m ^{2 ntawm lub} cuab ntxhiab. Nyob rau hauv lub khawb, 140 g ntawm tshauv / m ² yuav muab ntxiv.

Pear Lada - Kab mob

Garden pear Lada qhia siab ua hauj siab rau scab, kab mob hlawv thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tab sis nrog kev kho mob tsis zoo thiab nws tuaj yeem mob. Piv txwv, yog hais tias Lada pear tsis tawg, ces nws tsis muaj cov kev muab kev pab cuam lossis lawv cov zaus thiab qhov sib tawg lawm. Lwm cov ntsiab lus rau cov tsis muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev coj yog kab thiab kab mob . Qhov feem ntau ntawm lawv yog:

1. Brown chaw. Cov nplooj yog them nrog liab ziab. Rau kev kho mob, tus ceg ntoo raug muab tshem tawm, hauv av yog dug. Raws li kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsob ntoo raug kho nrog ib tug 3% Bordeaux sib tov ua ntej flowering. Tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm cov nplaim, kev siv tooj liab yog siv - Tus Champion, Meteor.
2. Powdery mildew. Fungus, npog qhov foliage, lub ovary ntog tawm. On nplooj muaj ib lub teeb txheej, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm dhau mus rau hauv tsaus dots. Rau kev sib ntaus koj yuav tsum colloidal sulfur - 25 g / 10 liv dej. Rau kev tiv thaiv ua ntej flowering, tsob ntoo kho nrog ib tug fungicide hu ua Fundazol.
3. Xeb. Tshwm sim rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab foliage, tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm ntsuab loj nws yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Tsob ntoo kho nrog urea, dissolving 700 grams ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej.
4. Hawthorn. Caterpillar, ua kom lub zes qe menyuam thiab nplooj. Cov ntoo uas cuam tshuam raug kho nrog Carbophos.
5. Aphids, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws ua rau cov nplooj, tua, nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov zes qe menyuam tuaj yeem ntog tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsob ntoo kho nrog Nitrofen - 200 g ntawm cov tshuaj rau 10 liv dej.