Narcotic analgesics

Tshawb fawb yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis muaj zog lossis tshem tawm qhov kev mob ntawm kev mob. Los ntawm lawv cov xwm, cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev, cov kev sib tw tau muab faib ua ob pawg: narcotic thiab non-narcotic.

Tshuaj Narcotic thiab Non-narcotic

Cov tshuaj non-narcotic muaj xws li:

1. Kev npaj raws li salicylic acid: aspirin, sodium salicylate.
2. Npaj raws li pyrazolone: ​​analgin, amidopyrine, butadione.
3. Npaj raws li ntawm aniline: paracetamol, panadol, phenacetin.
4. Kev npaj raws li alkanoic acids: diclofenac sodium, brufen.
5. Lwm tus: natrofen, piroxicam, dimexide, chlorotazole.

Tshuaj Narcotic:

1. Tincture thiab Extract ntawm opium.
2. Alkaloids ntawm opium: kev npaj muaj morphine thiab codeine.
3. Semisynthetic analogues ntawm morphine: ethylmorphine, hydrocodone, lwm yam zoo li
4. Khoom sib txuas rau morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

Pharmacology ntawm narcotic analgesics

Feem ntau ntawm cov analgesics yog derivatives, hluavtaws los yog semi-synthetic analogues ntawm morphine. Nyob ntawm tus qauv, lawv yog cov agonists los yog agonist-antagonists ntawm opioid (mob) receptors.

1. Agonists: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, levorphanol, oxycodone.
2. Ib nrab agonists: codeine, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
3. Antagonist agonists: buprenorphine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, nalorphine (kev sib xyaw ua rau neeg quav tshuaj yog agonists los yog ib nrab agonists rau ib hom receptor thiab antagonists rau lwm tus, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm txoj kev nyuab siab, plab hnyuv thiab lwm cov kev mob tshwm sim).
4. Antagonists: naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene.

Cov pab pawg neeg dhau los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe tsis yog cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj, tab sis lawv cov antagonists muaj cov khoom los thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dawb. Lawv siv cov tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw kom txhob cuam tshuam cov teebmeem.

Teeb meem ntawm lub cev

Rau cov yeeb tshuaj phem, cov khoom hauv qab no yog cov cwj pwm:

1. Ib qho muaj zog ua kom zoo, uas cia lawv siv rau kev raug mob thiab kab mob nrog mob hnyav.
2. Kev mob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub paj hlwb, ua rau muaj kev zoo siab, thiab ua rau lub hlwb thiab lub cev muaj kev vam khom nrog kev nkag mus ntev.
3. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib qho kev tshem tawm hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev vam khom.

Pharmacological cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj no, ntxiv nrog rau cov nyhuv cov nyhuv, ua rau nkees nkees, kev nyuab siab ua pa thiab hnoos reflex, ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm lub zais zis thiab cov hnyuv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau xeev siab, ntuav, cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv siab hauv nruab nrog cev (kev hnov ​​mob) thiab lwm yam kev phiv.

Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim

Cov tshuaj yeeb ntawm pawg neeg no muaj feem xyuam rau qhov feem ntawm lub hlwb, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev xav, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuam xyuas lub siab ntsws thiab kev mob hlwb, txo kev ntshai ntawm nws. Ua rau kom zus tau cov tshuaj endorphins, uas yog qhov mob receptor agonists (xws li, suppress lawv), uas ua rau lawv tsis muaj zog thiab txo qhov mob. Nyob rau ntawm kev siv tshuaj, qhov chaw ntawm kev lom zem thiab kev zoo siab raug qhib rau hauv lub hlwb, zoo nkaus li lightness, detachment, bliss yog tsim, uas ua rau tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws.