Meningitis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev sib txuam nrog loj thiab kev tuag. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kab mob. Lawv ua rau lub hlwb mob. Puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus kab mob no? Yog nws ib txwm yooj yim ua li cas prophylaxis dua li los kho nws tom qab? Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob?
Puas muaj tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv mob meningitis?
Yog xav paub seb puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mob rau daim npog hlwb, koj yuav tsum to taub txog hom kab mob. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau hom pathogens: cov kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm ntau hom. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teeb meem, tus kab mob sai sai sai, cia nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. Qhov kos yog cov kab mob ntsws (tuberculosis). Nws khiav yog qeeb qeeb. Cov kab mob feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv purulent nrog rau cov kab mob hauv plab, vim yog cov nram qab no hom pathogens:
- meningococci;
- pneumococci;
- Haemophilus khaub thuas hom B.
Puas yog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mob rau daim npog hlwb?
Nyob rau hauv Russia tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub teb chaws, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog siv rau qee qhov xwb:
- Thaum mob hnyav, yog tias qhov xwm txheej nce mus txog 20 leej me nyuam ib puas txhiab leej.
- Nyob rau hauv ib pab neeg twg uas muaj ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm ib tus kab mob, txhua yam kev sib tiv tauj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ib lub lim tiam.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov xwm txheej ntau dua.
- Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kabmob.
Hauv eighty lub teb chaws, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Hemophilia yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Hauv cov tebchaws no, feem pua tus nqi raug txo kom tsawg dua 0%. Nws pib yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm lub hnub nyoog 2-3 lub hlis nrog me me, peb zaug, ua ke nrog DTP thiab polio. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis tau pom zoo los ntawm World Health Organization rau tag nrho cov me nyuam. Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tus hlub, koj tuaj yeem tau txais koj tus kheej ntawm koj tus kheej cov nuj nqis.
Rub los ntawm daim npluag hlwb rau cov laus
Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm morbidity rau cov neeg laus yog ntau tsawg, tab sis xws li ib qho yuav tsis raug txiav tawm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob rau cov laus hauv qee qhov mob, nrog rau:
- siab xwm txheej feem nyob hauv thaj av ntawd;
- cov chaw taws teeb;
- anatomical pob txha taub hau tuaj;
- AIDS thiab lwm hom kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub, thaum qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob siab dua qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lub npe txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws (meningitis) yog dab tsi?
Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob, tsis muaj ib qho yeeb tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob no. Ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub hlwb, uas muaj npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sib txawv, vim tias kom tiv thaiv tau koj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob pathogen, yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev npaj.
Hauv cov teb chaws CIS, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv AKT-HIB tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem thoob plaws. Nws tsis muaj lub microbe, tab sis ntawm nws cov neeg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog tsis muaj kabmob zoo rau kab mob. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub hmoov, uas yog diluted nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ACT-HIB siv nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, sib tov rau lawv, los txo cov naj npawb.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis - daim ntawv teev npe
Muaj ntau ntau cov tshuaj los ntawm kab mob ntau yam ntawm tus kab mob. Cov ntaub ntawv purulent tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob, raws li tau hais los saum no. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob, cov tshuaj nram qab no yog siv:
- Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv no yog los ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog ACT-HIB, uas tau hais los saum no.
- Cov tshuaj los ntawm tus kab mob meningococcal. Hom kab mob no tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas, tab sis feem ntau nws yog me nyuam yaus tshaj 1 xyoos. Muaj cov kev txawv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws.
- PNEVMO-23 thiab Prevenar tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev kis mob pneumococcal. 20-30% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob no. Txoj kev kis tau tus mob yog cua.
Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab ntawm ARI. Lwm daim ntawv yog kis. Nws xav tias yuav yooj yim dua, yog tshwm sim los ntawm 75-80% ntawm cov mob los ntawm tus kab mob enterophytic. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm viral meningitis yog lub koob tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus, raws li daim calendar. Nws suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, rubella, pob txos, mob qa thiab mob ua npaws.
Teb rau kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam meningitis
Feem ntau, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis yog qhov ua siab zoo. Nws tsis yog feem ntau tom qab kev qhia txog cov tshuaj noj saum toj no muaj cov tshuaj hauv zos. Qhov no yog liab liab, dullness, qhov mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Muaj kuj nce mentsis rau lub cev kub. Tsis pub dhau 1-3 hnub tag nrho cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis kaj siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- lwm yam kev mob rau cov kab mob;
- Kev tsis haum tshuaj rau yav tas los tau qhia zoo ib yam.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv meningitis - lub txim
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov yuav tshwm sim, ces lawv muaj kev txaus ntshai thaum muaj mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis thiab pneumonia tsuas yog qhov txawv, tsim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no. Cov kab mob ntawm cov me nyuam uas tsis tau tso cai yog mob hnyav. Sib ntaus lawv tsis yog yooj yim, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua rau xaiv nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Yog tias qhov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv tsis dhau los yog muaj zog dua, nws yog zoo dua mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob meningitis ntau npaum li cas?
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau ntau xyoo. Txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam tus kab mob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav ib qho kev tshem tawm raws sij hawm. Hemophilus txhaj tshuaj yog ua tiav peb zaug, nrog rau lub caij nyoog ntawm 1.5 lub hlis, pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 lub hlis. Meningococcal txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug ib zaug, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg 2 xyoos, rau cov laus - rau 10 xyoo. Revaccination yog pom zoo txhua txhua peb lub xyoos.
Cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm meningitis thiab pneumonia lossis pneumococcal yog siv ob hom PNEVMO-23 (txij hnub nyoog ob) thiab Prevenar (txij li 2 hlis). Txhaj tshuaj muaj ntau yam, uas yog vim muaj hnub nyoog txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tsawg tshaj plaws yog txhaj peb zaug txhua txhua 1.5 lub hlis. Revaccination yog nqa tawm ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 11-15 lub hlis. Tom qab rau lub hli, siv ob daim qhia txog ob lub hlis nrog ib lub hlis thiab ib nrab ntawm cov sij hawm. Revaccination kuj raug pom zoo thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1-2 xyoos. Cov laus thiab menyuam yaus loj dua 2 xyoos ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog txaus.