Sweet potatoes yam - cov cai loj hlob

Xws li ib qho tseem ceeb khoom noj thiab fodder qoob loo li qos yaj ywm qab yog cog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug chaw kub thiab muaj xyoob ntoo thiab subtropical, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sov so. Zaub yog siv los ua cov tais diav txawv hauv zaub mov, ci, kib, qhuav dej, los ntawm cov kua qab zib, hmoov nplej, dej cawv thiab zib suab thaj.

Qos qos yaj ywm qib qos

Cov neeg feem coob tau hnov ​​txog qos qos yaj ywm, tab sis, lawv hais li cas, yam nroj tsuag, coob leej tsis paub. Sweet potatoes yog tuberous zaub nrog ib tug saj zoo xws li taub dag, txiv tsawb, pineapple, carrots nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov qos yaj ywm muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, nws yog ib qho zoo heev ntawm calcium thiab carotene. Ib lub cwj pwm zoo yog muab los ntawm nws los ntawm qabzib, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv pulp nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob loj, ua kom ntshav txhob cholesterol, txhawb kom tawv nqaij rejuvenation, txo cov leeg mob thaum noj cov zaub ua ntej exercise. Fibre ua rau lub cev metabolism hauv lub cev.

Da dej - ntau yam

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm qos qos. Outwardly lawv txawv:

• daim ntawv ntawm tubers (puag ncig, ribbed, fusiform);
• ntxoov ntxoo ntawm tev (los ntawm dawb mus rau tooj liab-txiv kab ntxwv);
• xim nqaij (dawb, daj, carrot, liab doog, liab).

Lub ntsiab ntau yam yog muab faib ua dessert, zaub thiab fodder, tsiag ntawv los ntawm concentration ntawm piam thaj, carotene thiab saj. Nrov tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm qos qos yog cov qos yaj ywm qab zib rau noj:

1. Yeej 100. Thaum menyuam yaus khoom qab zib ntau yam nrog txiv kab ntxwv. Thaum lub tubers pw, lawv saj xws li neeg rau thiab ib tug txiv tsawb.
2. Beauregard. Resistant mus rau cov kab mob, high tawm los, tsis keej. Cov rind yog xim ntsuab nrog ib lub txiv kab ntxwv qaub dauv, nplua nuj nyob hauv carotene.
3. George tus Liab. Qhov ntau yam yog yoog rau nruab nrab strip ntawm lub teb chaws. Tubers nrog ib daim tawv tooj liab thiab lub teeb nqaij nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raw ntawm qos yaj ywm mus saj tsis sib txawv, tom qab ua noj ua haus.

Yuav ua li cas tsis qab zib qis?

Sweet sweet potatoes yog ib lub liana ntev-ntev ib xyoos twg, nws cov ceg tawv muaj 1-5 m ntev, lawv kis tau nrog cov av thiab noj hauv cov pob caus. Qhov siab ntawm Bush yog 15-18 cm, lub nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog petiolate, palchate-lobed los yog cordate. Lub lateral keeb kwm ntawm Sweet qos thicken ntseeg, daim ntawv elongated tubers yam tsis muaj ocelli nrog edible nqaij, cov xim ntawm uas nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qos yaj ywm muaj ib tug loj ntawm 200 g rau 3 kg, ntau yam ntawm zaub vim ntawm txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qabzib muaj ib tug txawv saj - heev Sweet los yog tsis.

Yuav ua li cas tsis muaj qos yaj ywm?

Nyob rau hauv lub axils ntawm qos yaj ywm nplooj, funnel-puab paj tsim nyob rau hauv liab, dawb los yog daj ntseg lilac xim, zoo xws li nyob rau hauv cov duab rau ib tug loj convolvulus. Lawv muab txhuam ntawm 3-7 buds. Pedicels muaj qhov ntev tib yam li cov petioles ntawm nplooj. Batat yog ib cov zaub qoob loo nrog hla pollination, uas yog ua tau ntawm cov muv. Feem ntau ntawm cov cultivars tau poob lawv lub peev xwm los muab tsim kev sib deev, ntau ntau tsis tawg txhua, tab sis qee qhov kev nyuaj buds thiab txawm daim seminal thawv, dub los sis xim av nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3.5 - 4.5 hli.

Yuav ua li cas cog qos yaj ywm?

Koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob Sweet potatoes ntawm Sweet qos yaj ywm nrog noob los yog los ntawm seedlings, uas tau muab tom qab germination ntawm tubers. Thawj txoj kev xav tau ntau lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab. Ua ntej yuav cog qos yaj ywm nrog noob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau ib lub noob zoo. Loj hlob los ntawm seedlings yog xav paub ntau tshaj, nws yog ib qhov ua tau rau siv xws li ib tug multiplication ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag txawm rau gardeners-pib tshiab. Txiav tubers nyob rau hauv hauv av tam sim ntawd, xws li qos yaj ywm, tsis pom zoo - tus kab lis kev cai ripens rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost.

Ca cog qos qos tubers

Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum yuav tubers, rau ib qho me me lawv yuav tsum tau tsuas yog ib ob peb pieces. Cog cov khoom yog disinfected nyob rau hauv ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Sweet potatoes yam rau germination yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no hauv Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj - Lub Ob Hlis, rau lub hom phiaj no ntawm ib lub thawv 15-20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Lub caij cog qoob loo nrog qos:

• ib tug substrate yog npaj los ntawm tib qhov chaw ntawm xoob av, humus thiab xuab zeb. Qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau ci rau ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov cub;
• peb sab ntawm lub thawv ntim nrog av, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum nyob rau sab saum toj nrog ib txheej ntawm 3 cm;
• disinfected tubers muab tso rau hauv cov av, me ntsis nias thiab poured xuab zeb rau hauv txheej 3-4 cm, lawv yuav tsum yog ib nrab deepened rau hauv av;
• qhov kub rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv + 18-27 ° C, tus substrate tsis tu ncua dej;
• Cuttings tshwm tom qab 30 hnub, thaum lawv ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 10 cm tua raug cais thiab muab tso rau hauv dej, thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm tshwm, ces lawv muab tso rau hauv khob;
• tua los ntawm tubers yuav muab tshem tawm mus txog 7 lub sij hawm, txhua txhua 10 hnub;
• nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum cov av warms mus txog + 15 ° C, thiab cov huab cua kub ncav + + 25 ° C;
• rau ntawm ib qhov chaw npaj qhov hauv qhov tob ntawm 15 sm thiab dej rau lawv;
• cog scheme: deb nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag 40 cm, nruab nrab ntawm kab - 70 cm;
• seedlings tob los ntawm 2 internodes, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm yas hwj los yog iav jars, uas yuav pab tau nws kom tau zoo dua. Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm nplooj tshiab, lub tsev raug tshem tawm.

Kev cog qos yaj ywm rau hauv cov av nrog noob

Cultivation ntawm Sweet qos yaj ywm nrog cov noob pib nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj. Ua li no, npaj ib tug sib tov ntawm xoob lub ntiaj teb, humus thiab coarse xuab zeb nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag. Noob yog disinfected nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab qhuav. Kev cai ntawm kev tsaws:

• seedlings yog ntim nrog ib tug nutrient substrate, lub noob uas nyob rau hauv lawv rau ib lub tob ntawm 1.5-2 cm;
• cov qoob loo yog them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov, tsis tu ncua watered;
• sprouts ntawm Sweet qos Sweet qos yog suav tias npaj txhij rau cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av thaum lawv ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 15-20 cm;
• rau ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej transplanting lub seedlings yog hardened - lawv coj tawm mus rau cua cua rau ob peb teev txhua txhua hnub.

Qhov twg tsis muaj qos yaj ywm hlob?

Thaum npaj siab cog qoob loo qos yaj ywm, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub site uas nws yuav loj hlob tuaj. Sweet sweet potato - tej yam kev mob rau kev loj hlob zoo:

• lub chaw ua si yuav tsum tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm muaj zog cua thiab zoo illuminated, cov nroj tsuag tsis nyiam txawm lub slightest shading;
• qhov zoo tshaj xau cov xuab zeb, zeb loam, loamsis, nrog cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj thiab qhov tob hauv av ntau tshaj 2 m;
• Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn, chiv yog thov rau kev khawb - 3 kg ntawm overgrown manure, 15 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate thiab 20 g ntawm super- phosphate ib 1 m ₂ . Acidic av yuav tsum tau ntxiv thiab txiv qaub. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov av yog loosened thiab 80 g ntawm nitrogen nitrate ntxiv;
• Sweet potatoes ntawm cov qos yaj ywm qab zib zoo nyob rau saum toj no + 20 ° C, thaum lub caij rau + 10 ° C, cov nroj tsuag nres kev loj hlob, thiab thaum 0 ° C - tuag.

Yuav ua li cas loj hlob Sweet qos?

Ib tsob nroj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tau txais rooted hauv internodes, raws li qhov no nws tawm los. Yog li ntawd, stems ntawm Sweet qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau periodically tsa los ntawm hauv av thaum lub sij hawm cultivation thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob tsim ntawm tsis tsim nyog rootlets. Thaum cultivating nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau systematically tshem tawm weeds, txwv tsis pub lawv thicken cog thiab deplete cov av, thiab cov nroj tsuag ua weak.

Harvesting yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Cuaj hlis. Cov qos yaj ywm yog suav tias yog siav thaum nws cov nplooj thiab stems ua daj thiab pib ploj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov av khov hauv cov huab cua qhuav, nteg tawm ntawm lub txaj rau ziab. Lawv tuaj yeem noj tau tam sim ntawd. Lub tubers, npaj rau txuag, khaws cia rau ib lub lim tiam ntawm + 28-30 ° C, ces muab tso rau ntawm lub thawv, lawv tuaj yeem muab tau rau tom + 10 ° C ob peb lub hlis.

Batat - kev saib xyuas

Cov qos yaj ywm muaj suab thaj yog lub ntuj tsim teb chaws, tsis txhob zoo li waterlogging. Watering nws yuav tsum plentiful thaum xub thawj, thaum cuttings noj paus. Thaum chiv thawj, lawv txhim tsa ntau lub hauv paus, thiab tom qab ntawd cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thiab poob rau hauv txhua txoj kev qhia. Nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, watering yog txo mus ib zaug nyob rau hauv 10 hnub. Thaum lub rains mus tas li, koj tsis tuaj yeem moisturize txhua. Peb lub lis piam ua ntej harvesting, watering yog nres.

Txij thaum nruab nrab lub yim hli ntuj, thaum lub sij hawm harvesting thiab tsim ntawm tubers Sweet qos yaj ywm xav tau ntxiv fertilizing. Ua li no, siv ib zaug ib lub lim tiam twg yog cov potassium fertilizer, uas yog tsim rau ntoo tshauv. 1-2 glasses ntawm hmoov yuav tsum tau stirred nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej, mus rau insist rau ob lub lim tiam, stirring Qee zaus. Yuav kom ib liter ntawm lub composition ntawm txhua lub hav txwv yeem.

Luam ntawm qos yaj ywm

Sweet potatoes Sweet qos yaj ywm reproduce tua on tubers thiab cuttings. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xaiv rau yug me nyuam yog khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 10 ° C nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus. Cog tuaj rau hauv lub teeb thiab qhov tob los ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov substrate, lawv muab tawm sprouts uas yooj yim detached. Muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj nrog dej rudiments tom qab 3-7 hnub pib keeb kwm thiab tua raug cog nyob rau hauv pots. Tom qab lawv pib tso tawm nplooj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim muab keeb kwm thiab pre-txiav ntsuab lashes zus nyob rau hauv hauv av nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm Sweet qos. Cog rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub hauv tsev, lawv yuav tsim ib tsob ntoo zoo nkauj thiab kho lub chav thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv yuav los ua ib qho chaw tshiab cog khoom. Nyob rau hauv hauv av lawv cog cuttings ntawm 15-20 cm cuttings, lawv tau yooj yim yuav tsim rau hauv ib tug tag nrho-fledged nroj.

Pests ntawm qos yaj ywm

Cov nroj tsuag yog suav hais tias resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests, tab sis tej zaum lawv muaj peev xwm lwj lub sau. Tej zaum muaj teeb meem thaum cog qoob loo Sweet:

1. Crusts los yog larvae ntawm May beetles. Parasites nkaum hauv av thiab noj li tubers. Txov cov pests yuav pab tau watering lub txaj nrog cov tshuaj Aktara, Aktofit, ntawm kab koj yuav tsum tau nteg tawm kua nplaum rau cov neeg laus nyob rau hauv May beetles.
2. Slugs. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog annoy lub qab zib qos zaub nyob rau hauv rainy xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau muab tais nrog npias thiab tom qab ib ncua sij hawm mus cug cov kab mob.
3. Spider mite. Cuam tshuam nplooj thiab stems, ua puas lub cab yuav pab tau tshuaj tsuag Bush Fitoverm los yog dos husks, bleached, chemist lub chamomile.
4. Dub ceg. Fungal tus kab mob, muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam seedlings, nws rotates lub qia. Txhawm kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob, sow qos qos yaj ywm tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob, lub substrate yuav tsum tau tso nrog Phytosporin-M, yog li ntawd nws tsis ua acidic, qe plhaub yuav muab ntxiv rau hauv av.