Pathological proliferation ntawm cov hlwb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub taub hau, yog hu ua neoplasms. Neoplasms txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb, lub peev xwm los mus ntsuas lwm yam kabmob thiab cov qog, thiab ua rau qaug zog thiab qaug tshuaj nrog qhov kev raug mob ntxiv. Nyob ntawm seb qhov no neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau muab faib rau cov hom nram qab no:
- benign;
- malignant;
- ciam teb.
Benign neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij
Cov no suav nrog:
- mob tsuaj thiab mob ntsws;
- nevi (cim yug thiab cim yug);
- papillomas;
- qog ntawm qog: syringoms (tawm hws), adenomas thiab atheromas (ntawm sebaceous);
- hemangiomas thiab lymphangiomas (ntawm cov ntshav thiab lymphatic hlab ntsha);
- hlav los ntawm ntau hom ntaub so ntswg: fibromas (los ntawm kev sib txuas), leiomyomas (los ntawm khaus), lipomas (ntawm fatty);
- neurogenic hlav ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntshav thiab fibers, thiab lwm tus.
Cov ntses loj, qog thiab papillomas yog tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus. Qee hom papillomas tshwm sim nrog mob mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes. Nevuses yog ib qho kev xeeb txawm los yog tau txais, tshwm ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog.
Benign neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev raug mob, X-ray thiab tshav raug, thaum raug rau cov tawv nqaij ntawm aggressive tshuaj, nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij lub caij tam sim no. Tsis yog lub luag haujlwm tsawg kawg yog ua los ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw. Cov qog nqaij hlav yog ib hom txawv heev, txoj kev loj hlob qeeb, tsis muaj cov kabmob uas nyob ze cov nqaij.
Rau borderline (precancerous) neoplasms nws yog tau nqa:
- cutaneous horn;
- senile keratosis;
- tshuaj ntsuab xeroderma;
- keratoacanthoma;
- ciam pigment nevus.
Thaum kab lig kev cai yuav tsum tau zam ntev ntev rau lub hnub uas tsis muaj tawv tiv thaiv, tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm cov tawv nqaij, tiv thaiv nws raug mob. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum soj ntsuam cov kev sib tw no, yog tias tsis muaj lus nug txog kev kho mob phais tam sim ntawd. Feem ntau, benign thiab premalignant tawv nqaij raug zoo dua yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kabmob ua ntej), vim hais tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv cov degeneration rau hauv qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Malignant neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij
Qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai malignant qog yog melanoma. Lub hom phiaj yog ib txwm nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij. Ntau zaus melanoma yog tsim los ntawm ib tug pigment nevus ntawm nws kev poob plig, ntau insolation. Cov qog no yog ib lub tiaj tus uas tsis sib haum los yog cov nev-li zoo li muaj qhov ntxhib qhov chaw npog nrog cov ntshav hlwv. Kev kawm nce zuj zus hauv qhov loj thiab ceev nrooj muab cov metastases. Kev kuaj ntawm melanoma yog ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov pa phosphorus, uas tau sau rau hauv lub qog 10 zaus ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij hauv kev noj qab haus huv, siv cov cytological smears-prints, keeb kwm kev xeem.
Malignant neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj muaj xws li basal cell thiab epithelioma (squamous cell carcinoma). Basaloma yog ib qho qaub ncoo pob zeb uas muaj ib co pob zeb. Nws peculiarity yog tias tom qab ob peb xyoo nws feem ntau yog hloov mus rau hauv squamous cell carcinoma ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Epithelioma yog mob hnyav tshaj li hauv paus, nws ua rau lub cev tsis haum rau cov qog ntshav, tom qab uas tus neeg mob mob ceev nrooj. Kev ploj tuag los ntawm kev los ntshav thaum lub lwj ntawm lub qog, ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab kev qaug zog ntawm lub cev.
Kev kuaj ntawm cov neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij
Rau kev kuaj mob thiab txawv ntawm cov tawv nqaij hlav ntawm cov tawv nqaij, cov nram qab no yog siv:
- xeem thiab palpation;
- thermometric txujci;
- kev tshawb nrhiav radioisotope;
- kev tshawb nrhiav txog morphological (cyology, histology);
- kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lub cev qog ntshav qis;
- kuaj kev kuaj mob thiab cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuaj los tshem tawm metastases rau lwm yam kabmob, thiab lwm yam.
Kev kho mob neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij
Xaiv ib txoj kev kho mob, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov hom qog, nws qhov chaw, theem, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov keeb kwm, qhov mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov nram qab no yog siv:
- phais kev tshem tawm ntawm neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau laser thiab cryogenic;
- kev kho hluav taws xob;
- chemotherapy;
- tag nrho.
Feem ntau tseem ceeb, kom sai li sai tau, mus rau ib tus kws kho mob kom ua txoj kev kho mob raws sij hawm, uas yuav cia tus neeg ntawd cawm tau txoj sia.