Nyob rau ntawm hnov ntau yam ntawm peb lo lus "logistics" - nws yog dab tsi, meej tsis yog txhua tus to taub. Lub sij hawm no yeej muaj nuj nqi ntau heev thiab txhais tau tias nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb txoj kev npaj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov tseeb tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov chaw muab kev pab, thiab hauv cov tswv yim - qhov ntsuas ntawm lub koom haum zoo li no.
Logistics - nws yog dab tsi?
Logistics yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ntws, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab nqaim - txo cov nqi thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab tib neeg. Lub tswvyim suav nrog kev tsim cov qauv kev tsim cov kev pom kev zoo tshaj plaws uas tswj cov tsev ntws. Lub chaw ua lag luam ntawm tuam txhab lag luam, kev tsim cov lag luam yog ua tsis tau yog tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo - nws yog dab tsi, lawv piav txog peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom:
- Khoom siv - cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov khoom. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab procured rau hauv lub sijhawm thiab xa tsis raug ncua.
- Cov nyiaj ntiav - qhov khoom pov thawj thiab kev faib nyiaj, nrhiav qhov taw ntawm cov nyiaj no, kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm fab nyiaj txiag.
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntws - qhov kev txav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tuam txhab, hauv lub tuam txhab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev raws sij hawm.
Ib tug logist - hom haujlwm dab tsi?
Lub logistician yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom ntawm tej khoom ntawm point A rau point B nrog tsawg khib nyiab thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam thiab nqa mus rau hauv tus account kev txaus siab ntawm tus qhua, tsim kom muaj, muag khoom, tsav tsheb. Leej twg yog tus logistician? Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, nws yog ib tus neeg uas tuaj yeem xa cov khoom kom raws sij hawm thiab nrog tsawg lub sij hawm thiab dag zog. Tsuas yog tom ntej tib txoj hauj lwm no yooj yim, qhov tseeb nws yuav tsum muaj cov kev txawj hauv qab no:
- kev mloog lus;
- npaj rau kev ua dej num loj;
- lub peev xwm los xav txog creatively;
- npaj rau kev mus ncig teb chaws thiab kev mus ncig ua si nquag;
- kev vam meej thiab kev siab ntev, kev hlub rau tib neeg.
Hom kev logistics
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog faib cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais nyob rau ntau txoj hau kev:
- khoom - yog qhia rau kev tswj cov khoom: cov khoom ntws;
- cov ntaub ntawv - tswj tus txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, yog tswj kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm;
- nyiaj txiag - cov tuam txhab kev tuav nyiaj;
- neeg ua hauj lwm - kev txav ntawm cov neeg ntws, kev tso cai thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, saib xyuas kev ua raws li cov cai ua haujlwm.
Nws tseem tuaj yeem faib tawm hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm kev ua lag luam. Yog li, raws li lub peev xwm ua tau, muaj ntau hom ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug:
- kev thauj (xaiv hom kev thauj mus los ntawm kev muag khoom, kev txiav txim ntawm txoj kev mus los);
- cargo (tshem cov khoom loj);
- kev lag luam (kev faib khoom, kev tsim cov khoom tis);
- Kev Tshawb Fawb (nrhiav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lwm tus neeg);
- cov ntaub ntawv (cov ntaub ntawv txauv nrog cov neeg koom tes, kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm);
- warehouse (lub koom haum ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam, xws li chaw thau khoom, tshem tawm, thiab lwm yam);
- kev lis kev cai (lub zog ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj txawv teb chaws).
Tsheb thauj mus los
Tshooj lus nug ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, kev ua haujlwm nrog lub koomhaum kev xaib, yog hu ua thauj. Kev qhia ntawm kev thauj neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov cai loj tshaj:
- xaiv qhov hom kev thauj khoom thauj rau kev thauj mus los;
- xaiv hom kev thauj mus los;
- xaiv ntawm tus cab kuj, sib cog lus nrog lwm tus koom nrog kev sib txuas;
- kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev khiav tsheb;
- kev koom ua ke ntawm kev thauj thiab kev txav khoom;
- optimization ntawm cov ciam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj (txo cov nqi, nce hauv kev khiav tsheb npav).
Freight Logistics
Ib feem ntawm kev thauj khoom yog khoom thauj logistics; dab tsi yog nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev siv ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub dov Tshuag; lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom niaj hnub tsis muaj warehouses, nyob rau hauv uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm no yog cov khoom thauj khoom, uas yog, ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom, uas yog kev suav ua ib qho khoom muag. Thaum thauj khoom, tshem tawm, tsiv, lawv nrog cov khoom thauj khoom.
Kev yuav khoom lag luam
Lub essence ntawm logistics kev lag luam yog los xyuas kom meej cov txheej txheem ntawm txav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw. Nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev muab lub tuam txhab nrog cov khoom siv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tswj cov khoom siv zoo: kom nkag siab tias, leej twg, nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem twg, yuav ntau npaum li cas yuav. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev yuav khoom, cov haujlwm hauv qab no yuav tsum raug daws:
- kev txiav txim ntawm qhov xav tau rau cov kev pab cuam, kev xam xyuas ntawm xws li xav tau, tsim ntawm pawg, tsis tuaj;
- kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua lag luam yuav khoom thiab kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg muab kev pom zoo;
- kev sib cog lus thiab kev cog lus;
- kev tswj tus menyuam.
Cov ntaub ntawv Logistics
Lub tswvyim ntawm kev tsim khoom yog ua kom muaj kev lag luam los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau zoo, tabsis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm neeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Ib tug logistician tsis yog tsuas yog ib tus neeg uas ua haujlwm nrog rau khoom thiab kev faib khoom, tab sis kuj yog tus tswj kev ua haujlwm. Nws cov hauj lwm muaj xws li cov sij hawm sib kis ntawm cov xov xwm uas ncig hauv cov khoom xa khoom noj khoom haus, rau cov neeg koom rau hauv txoj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab.
Warehouse logistics
Warehouse logistics - kev tswj kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem rau cov khoom siv rau kev cia khoom, xws li kev cia khoom thiab kev xa khoom rau tom ntej muag. Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm qhov kev lag luam no: lub koom haum muaj kev ua lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom xa tawm cia. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev qiv ntawv yuav muab faib ua peb theem:
- kev muab cov khoom lag luam, kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab lawv tswj;
- ua thiab tsub khoom ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev sau npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, tsheb thauj khoom hauv tsev rau khoom, kev cia khoom;
- xaj khoom, khoom xa tuaj rau tus neeg tau txais kev pab, kev tswj kom ua tiav ntawm cov neeg txiav txim siab, kev pabcuam thiab khoom lag luam.
Kev lis kev cai tswjhwm
Kev tswj kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom muag khiav, tuaj ntawm abroad thiab txawv teb chaws, yog hu ua kev lis kev cai. Cov kws ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb-cov neeg khiav dej num kev noj qab haus huv tau daws cov teeb meem nram qab no:
- cargo kev xam phaj;
- rau npe ntawm kev tshaj tawm txog kev lis kev cai;
- xyuas cov kev ua neej ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev daws teeb meem;
- kev thauj khoom ntawm khoom;
- yog tias tsim nyog, tom qab ntawv pov thawj;
- tswj kev ua raws kev cai lij choj;
- ua ke ntawm cov khoom tom qab dhau kev lis kev cai.
Logistic functions
Yuav ua li cas yog cov haujlwm ntawm kev xaav, qhov no yog qhov haujlwm - peb yuav xav txog ntxiv hauv kev qhia ntxiv:
- Kev koom ua ke - tsim kom muaj ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev muag khoom. Tsis muaj cov theem ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom muag yuav tsum raug cais tawm, lawv tag nrho ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Cov logist muab cov theem ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom muag, kev ua lag luam rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke.
- Kev tsim kho - kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.
- Tswj - ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Logistics thiab kev tswj tsis muaj kev txwv, tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam yog kev tswjfwm kev ua haujlwm.
Cov phau ntawv rau kev logistics
Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv hais txog cov ntsiab lus, cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm:
- "Cov Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Zov Me Nyuam" (2009) / Sterligova A.N. - Tej zaum, qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia phau ntawv hais txog kev tswj nyob rau hauv logistics.
- "Yuav ua li cas npaj ib lub tsev rau khoom. Tswv yim pom zoo ntawm ib tug kws tshaj lij "(2008) / Taran S.A. - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tswv yim ntawm cov, schematic thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.
- "Effective Inventory Management" (2008) / Schreibfader J. - ib phau ntawv zoo nkauj, nrog rau ntau yam piv txwv thiab cov tswv yim nthuav tswv yim ntawm kev xav tau.
- "Cov kos duab ntawm warehouse kev tswj. Yuav ua li cas txo cov nqi thiab nce kev ua tau zoo dua "(2007) / Emmett S. - ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev tswj xyuas cov khoom.
- "Logistics. Muab Khoom Chaws Lag Luam Tswj "(2003) / Waters D. yog ib phau ntawv qhia thawj zaug txawv teb chaws.
- "Thoob ntiaj teb kev khiav hauj lwm: ib qho kev qhuab qhia ntawm lectures" (2008) / Zimovets A.V. - ib phau ntawv nyeem thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lis kev cai lij choj.