Lub plawv ua rau lub plawv nres , cwj pwm txawv thiab lwm yam kev raug mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog qhov atherosclerosis. Lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev mob plab yog ua los ntawm cov roj (lipophilic alcohol), cov roj molecules uas tau tso rau ntawm cov leeg ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov quav ntim quav. Nws cov concentration yuav tsum tau txo rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm atherosclerosis.
Statins - dab tsi yog nws?
Feem ntau cov neeg muaj kab mob hauv lub plawv kuj pom cov tshuaj lipid-lowering drugs ua cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas txo cov roj cholesterol. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Rau kev to taub meej txog dab tsi statins, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov mechanism ntawm tsim thiab ncig ntawm lipophilic cawv, nws lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua.
Cov roj cholesterol tau ua rau hauv lub cev, thiab nkag los ntawm sab nraud, piv txwv li, nrog zaub mov noj. Cov organic no yog tsim nyog rau:
- biosynthesis ntawm corticosteroids thiab cov tshuaj hormones pw ua ke;
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm erythrocytes los ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua hemolytic;
- kev cai ntawm kev siv kab nrib pleb ntawm tes;
- zus tau los ntawm cov kua qab ntsev thiab cov vitamins ntawm pawg D;
- stabilization ntawm plasma membrane.
Tib neeg lub cev ua cov proteins uas - cov lipoproteins. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom nqa ntawm cov roj cholesterol los ntawm siab rau cov nqaij thiab nraub qaum. Statins thaiv qhov tsim muaj cov enzymes uas ua ntej tsim cov lipoproteins. Vim li no, cov roj cholesterol uas nkag mus hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsawg zuj zus tuaj, thiab qhov ntim ntawm kev thauj mus los. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho theem ntawm lipophilic cawv nyob rau hauv lub cev yog txo txo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj hauv kev saib xyuas yuav ua rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom qub uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov phais hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cholesterol zoo thiab phem
Txawm tias feem ntau cov tshuaj lipid-txo cov tshuaj muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo, yog li ntawd lawv raug txwv tsis pub xaiv thiab siv lawv tus kheej. Cov xwm txheej muaj cai tshwj xeeb yog tias muaj kev pov thawj rau lawv txoj kev siv. Feem ntau, cov cholesterol yuav txo kom tsawg dua lwm txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov no suav nrog kev kho ntawm kev noj haus, kev tsis zoo ntawm kev coj cwj pwm, nce qib ntawm kev siv lub cev thiab lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm tsoom fwv kev ua haujlwm thiab so.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cholesterol zoo
Cov tshuaj kws kho mob tseem tseem yog qhov kev xaiv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob plawv tshaj plaws, thaum txoj kev siv tshuaj tsis zoo txaus. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm statins yog cov hauv qab no:
- poob ntawm lub plawv nres;
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev qaug kev qaug kev qaug zog , cwj nrag;
- kev loj hlob sai thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis;
- normalization ntawm lub plawv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv angina, tus kab mob ischemic;
- nyem ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- poob phaus nrog rog;
- weakening ntawm inflammatory kev nyob rau hauv vascular phab ntsa;
- kev ruaj ntseg ntawm atherosclerotic cov quav ;
- dilution ntawm cov ntshav, uas txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws;
- normalization ntawm metabolic processes nyob rau hauv lub cev;
- vasodilation.
Statins los ntawm cholesterol yog cov tshuaj siv tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim kev nyab xeeb rau txoj kev rov kho dua tom qab:
- stenting;
- ischemic stroke;
- coronary bypass phais;
- angioplasty;
- myocardial infarction;
- pulmonary embolism.
Raug mob ntawm statins
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phiv. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm lipoproteins, statin tshuaj txo cov zus tau tej cov coenzymes Q10. Cov tshuaj siv tshuaj no ua kom muaj zog rau cov leeg ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Nrog lub deficiency ntawm coenzymes, cov teeb meem hauv qab no tau pom:
- nkees;
- tsis muaj zog thiab mob hauv cov leeg;
- kev hloov thiab nti ua rau cov ntshav siab;
- congestive plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
- rhuav tshem ntawm cov leeg nqaij (rhabdomyolysis).
Muaj lwm yam tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm statins - kev mob tshwm sim muaj xws li:
- pw tsaug zog mob;
- deterioration ntawm lub rooj sib hais thiab qhov ntse ntawm kev hnov qab saj;
- txo cov platelet suav hauv cov ntshav;
- heartburn;
- nquag nqus ntshav;
- mob hauv cheeb tsam epigastric;
- muaj ntau zaus tso zis;
- quav mob;
- nce tawm hws;
- ua txhaum ntawm lub zog;
- kev tsis haum tshuaj;
- kiv taub hau;
- xeev siab;
- qhuav hnoos;
- peripheral edema;
- Tsub kom tawv nqaij zoo rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob;
- eczema;
- liab liab thiab khaus ntawm qhov kab mob epidermis;
- flatulence;
- ntuav;
- nce zaus ntawm kev mob ntsws hawb pob;
- kev mob siab;
- cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb;
- lub siab vam meej;
- jaundice;
- pancreatitis;
- kev sib ceg;
- exacerbation ntawm mob caj dab thiab mob arthrosis;
- lub siab vam meej;
- txob taus;
- qhov txhab ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis muaj yig;
- anorexia;
- ntuav;
- ntiv taw thiab tev ntawm txheej hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- kab mob siab;
- kev hloov hauv cov ntshav qab zib;
- swb thiab o ntawm ob lub raum.
Txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg statins muaj ntau yam tsis zoo, tab sis lawv tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tsis ua raws li cov cai siv cov tshuaj. Kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj lipid-lowering yuav tsum tsis txhob haus dej cawv, kev haus luam yeeb, kev tawm dag zog thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo noj. Yog hais tias koj ua raws li cov cai no, cov kev mob tshwm sim tau yooj yim dua.
Generations ntawm statins
Thawj thawj lipid-lowering substances raug cais los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim. Raws li cov kev sib txuas lus, cov tshuaj ntawm lovastatin pawg raug tsim. Cov kab tshuav tshuav dua tshiab thiab cov cim tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Nws yog ib qho yuam kev kom ntseeg tau hais tias natural statins los ntawm cov cholesterol yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws yeej tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij thiab tsis zoo dua. Ntxiv nrog rau lovastatin, thawj tiam neeg piav cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj xws li simvastatin thiab pravastatin.
Txawm tias thaum ntxov cov tshuaj lipid-txo cov tshuaj tsim muaj cov nyhuv qhia tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws statins yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cwj nrag, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias muaj cov keeb kwm roj ntsha mus rau pathologies uas tau teev tseg. Cov kev qhia rau kev noj cov tshuaj thawj zaug:
- coronary atherosclerosis;
- Nqa cov zaub mov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev nrog lub cev;
- thawj hypercholesterolemia.
Qhov thib ob tiam ntawm kev siv tshuaj yog suav los ntawm tsuas yog fluvastatin. Cov no yog cov tshuaj siv tau zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas tuaj yeem hais qhia txawm rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog li 10 xyoo. Lawv muaj ntsev sodium, yog li cov concentrated hauv cov cholesterol hauv cov ntshav sai sai. Cov kev qhia rau kev siv fluvastatin:
- dyslipidemia ntawm cov hom sib xyaw;
- ischemic heart disease (tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj teeb meem);
- coronary atherosclerosis;
- hypercholesterolemia;
- Kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub plawv thiab vascular phais.
Qhov thib peb tiam ntawm cov tshuaj lipid-txo tshuaj yog atorvastatin. Lub peculiarity ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib qho kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlab plawv system raws li ib tug tag nrho. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov statins los ntawm cov cholesterol yog cov kab mob ceev tshaj plaws, zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kab mob zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab cov kab mob plawv, nrog rau cov kab mob ischemic. Cov kev qhia rau lawv lub hom phiaj:
- hereditary predisposition rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlwv plawv;
- sib xyaw dyslipidemia;
- hnyav tiv thaiv hypercholesterolemia;
- Kev txhim kho atherosclerosis.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tiam tshiab yog Pitavastatin thiab rosuvastatin. Cov tshuaj no yog cov kev tshwm sim tshiab hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj, lawv muaj ntau yam zoo dua lawv cov neeg ua ntej:
- cov nyhuv sai (cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim los ntawm thawj lub limtiam ntawm kev nkag tau);
- tshuaj tsawg heev;
- nruam txiav;
- tsawg phom sij ntawm kev phiv;
- tseem siv tib lub sijhawm nrog cov neeg mob plawv;
- tsis muaj teebmeem rau cov kabmob ntses qabzib.
Cov tshiab statins los ntawm cov cholesterol yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb kev pom zoo hauv cov nram qab no:
- hypercholesterolemia ntawm txhua theem;
- hnyav, atherosclerosis nyuaj;
- ischemic plawv;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus ;
- dyslipidemia;
- genetic predisposition rau vascular pathologies;
- rov qab kho tom qab lub plawv nres, mob hlab ntsha tawg, kev phais plawv.
Statin tshuaj - sau
Cov tshuaj saum toj no hauv txhua tiam neeg muaj npe txawv npe. Tshuaj yeem xaiv cov tshuaj uas txo cov cholesterol hauv cov ntshav, koj tuaj yeem tsis tau. Cov khoom tsis zoo, kev siv tshuaj tsis haum, ua ke nrog lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev phom sij thiab kev hloov ntawm daim siab ua haujlwm, kev ua metabolic. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog yuav tsum qhia txog cov tshuaj uas txo cov roj ntsha hauv cov ntshav kom zoo thiab zoo. Qhov tsim nyog tsim ntawm statins yog xaiv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb.
Simvastatin analogues
Cov tshuaj no yog muag hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm tib lub npe. Ua ib yam khoom xyaw, simvastatin muaj cov tshuaj nram qab no lipid - ib daim ntawv teev:
- Simvastol;
- Zovatin;
- Simgal;
- Zocor;
- Simvagexal;
- Soest;
- Simvard;
- Vastatin;
- Simvakor;
- Lwm tus;
- Simlo;
- Vazilip;
- Sincard thiab lwm tus.
Pravastatin analogues
Qhov no yog lwm tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsim zoo thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus thawj cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj lipid-lowering. Cov ntsiab lus piav qhia muaj xws li cov tshuaj uas txo cov cholesterol hauv cov ntshav (statins):
- Rightsgrave;
- Lipostat;
- Pravastatin.
Lovastatin analogues
Qhov tshuaj thawj zaug lipid-txo tshuaj, cais los ntawm penicillin fungi, tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis ib qho ntawm feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb txhais tau tias. Tshuaj uas txo cov roj cholesterol, raws li lovastatin:
- Holletar;
- Lovacor;
- Cardiostatin;
- Lovasterol;
- Mevakor;
- Lovastatin;
- Apexstatin;
- Lovahexal;
- Medostatin;
- Rovacor;
- Liprox thiab lwm tus.
Fluvastatin analogues
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cim thib ob uas muaj roj cholesterol tau sawv cev los ntawm tsuas yog ib qho khoom xwb. On nws cov hauv paus lub ntsiav tshuaj tsuas yog tsim - Leskol. Lawv muag nyob rau hauv 3 versions nrog tib lub tshuaj (80 mg):
- Classical (Leskol);
- Forte;
- XL.
Atorvastatin - analogues
Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev npaj ntawm ib tug statin on nws cov hauv paus:
- Lipitor;
- Anistat;
- Liprimar;
- Atorvastatin;
- Tulip;
- Atomax;
- Canon;
- Torvacard;
- Atorvox;
- Liptonormorm;
- Atoris thiab lwm tus.
Rosuvastatin analogues
Statins rau txo cov cholesterol los ntawm plaub tiam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb txhais tau hais tias nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev. Rosuvastatin, ntxiv rau cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm tib lub npe, yog muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj nram qab no:
- Mertenil;
- Rosulip;
- Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig;
- Rosewood;
- Akorta;
- Rosart;
- Tevastor;
- Roxer.
Pitavastatin analogues
Lipid-lowering drugs ntawm plaub lub xyoo twb replenished nrog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tsuas yog ib ob peb xyoos dhau los. Cov statins los ntawm cholesterol yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj zoo sib xws. Lawv muaj feem xyuam ceev thiab ntev tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev txaus ntshai. Rau ntawm Pitavastatin, tsuas yog ib qho kev xaiv tseem muaj - Livazo.
Statins ntawm tiam nyuam qhuav muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev phiv
Cov kws kho mob nyiam xav tshuaj tsuas siv cov tshuaj muaj yees nrog tsawg dua kev siv tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev heev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws statins los ntawm cov cholesterol yog rosuvastatin thiab Pitavastatin:
- Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig;
- Mertenil;
- Roxer;
- Valarox;
- Rosáv;
- Akorta;
- Rosewood;
- Livazo.