Av rau seedlings - feem ntau nrov txoj kev npaj qhov sib tov

Thiaj li rau cov noob mus rau germinate, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv cov noob zoo rau seedlings, uas yuav tsum tau ntsib ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau. Hauv khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem yuav siv cov mixtures los yog ua txhua yam koj tus kheej, nws cov khoom sib txawv. Rau txhua kab lis kev cai muaj kev xaiv.

Uas av rau seedlings yog zoo dua?

Qhov zoo ntawm cov av rau kev loj hlob ntawm txhua yam nroj tsuag yog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv nws raws li qee qhov kev txwv.

1. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov av yog xoob, zoo cia nyob rau hauv noo noo thiab cua. Cov cheebtsam yuav tsum tau sib xyaw kom ntev tshaj li qhov sib tov tsis ncuav mog qab zib los yog khov, thiab cov ris tsho thiab cov kab nrig tsis tsim. Ib tug universer universer rau seedlings yuav tsum tsis muaj av nplaum, raws li nws yuav ua rau sib sib zog nqus tsis zoo rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
2. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog fertility, uas yog, yuav tsum muaj ntau cov organic tshuaj thiab ib txoj haujlwm ntawm cov zaub mov hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
3. Nyob rau hauv hauv av yuav tsum tsis muaj pathogenic microorganisms, spores ntawm fungi, qe ntawm kab, noob ntawm maj nroj tsuag, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav sterile tag. Ntawm zoo qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj nyob ntawm pab microflora, pub kom nws yuav tsis ua tau kom loj hlob seedlings.
4. Av rau seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis zoo, uas yog, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tsis muaj ntsev ntawm hnyav hlau, radionuclides thiab lwm yam teeb meem tshuaj.
5. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau suav tias cov koomhaum hauv cov organic constituent tom qab sib tov yuav tsum tsis txhob ntim sai sai thiab ua kom sov. Txwv tsis pub, lub noob yuav tsuas raug piam sij.
6. Cov av siv yuav tsum tsis yog acidic los yog alkaline. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws acidity Performance index yog qhov txwv ntawm 6.5-6.7 pH. Zoo li qhov tseem ceeb yog ze rau qhov tsis tseem ceeb.

Yuav ua li cas npaj lub av rau seedlings?

Txawm hais tias qhov av tau ua los ntawm nws tus kheej los yog muas, nws raug pom zoo tias nws npaj. Thaum siv cov khoom sib txawv, lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg (feem ntau yog rau lub ntiaj teb thiab cov xuab zeb). Cov kws kho mob hais tias kev npaj ntawm av rau seedlings yuav tsum muaj xws li kev txiav tawm ntawm pathogens, larvae thiab qe. Txhua ntawm cov kev xaiv uas twb muaj lawm nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab txoj hauv kev nyiam muaj xws li:

1. Chav ua haujlwm. Ib lub hlis ua ntej cog cov noob, tuav hauv av hauv dej da dej 2-3 xuab moos. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas lub hau npog nrog av kaw.
2. Calcination. Lub ntiaj teb khaws cia rau ib nrab ib teev nyob rau hauv qhov cub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 90 ° C.
3. Cia kom khov. Txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov av rau seedlings, tawm hauv nws nyob rau hauv txoj kev, npog nws, thiaj li hais tias nws tsis tau txais nag lossis daus. Ib hlis ua ntej siv, lub teb chaws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv lub tsev, rhuab, ua ke nrog lwm yam khoom thiab rov qab nqa mus rau Frost.

Av zoo li cas rau cov nroj tsuag

Muaj coob tus gardeners xav yuav av nyob rau hauv lub khw, tab sis nws yog ntau kom txov nws tus kheej. Nws muaj peb yam tseem ceeb: nplooj lossis turfy av, dej xuab zeb thiab peaty av rau seedlings, piv txwv li, humus los yog compost . Raws li lwm yam ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem siv sawdust, ntoo tshauv, txiv maj phaub fiber, ntxhuab, chalk, ntxhia pob zeb, txiv qaub thiab lwm tus. Cheebtsam rau txawv cov qoob loo yog sib xyaw hauv ntau hom.

Av kub rau seedlings

Muaj coob tus ntseeg tias huab cua kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tab sis cov cim qhia txog thaj av. Rau cov nroj tsuag sib txawv, qhov txawv txav yog txawv, tab sis nruab nrab qhov tseem ceeb yuav txawv. Zoo av rau seedlings tom qab sowing yuav tsum muaj ib tug kub mus rau lub txwv ntawm 15-25 ° C. Thaum cov nplooj tshwm thiab cov nplooj pib rau daim ntawv, qhov nqi yuav tsum raug txo kom txog 16 ° C. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tias, yog tias cov ntsuas tau siab, ces qhov no yuav ua rau lub hauv paus mus ncab.

Av rau seedlings ntawm zaub

Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv los yog nws tus kheej npaj, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

1. Nrhiav kom paub seb cov av zoo li cas rau cov ntoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas taw qhia tias nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus: nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog 300-400 mg / l, tom qab ntawd nws tsis pom zoo kom cog cov noob hauv nws, nws raug tso cai rau hloov cov neeg laus seedlings. Cov qhab nia siab dua tsis tau.
2. Tsis txhob siv vaj teb thaj av, vim tias nws muaj ib qho kev pauv hauv koos poom, muaj ib qho pathogenic microflora thiab lwm yam kev ua yuam kev.
3. Koj tuaj yeem noj cov av rau cacti kom loj hlob tuaj, tab sis tsis txhob hnov ​​qab them sai sai rau acidity thiab yog tsim nyog kho nws, piv txwv li, nrog dolomite hmoov.

Av rau seedlings ntawm cucumbers

Yog tias koj xav npaj thaj av koj tus kheej, nco ntsoov tias nws yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov kev cai uas tau hais los saum no. Koj tuaj yeem siv xws li cov qauv:

1. Ua kom ib tug zoo av rau cog seedlings, mix 1 feem ntawm sod av thiab humus. On ib thoob ntawm no sib tov, noj 1 tbsp. ntoo tshauv.
2. Rau cov nram qab no xaiv, sib tov sib npaug hauv cov av ntawm lub vaj (uas yuav tsum dhau lub theem ntawm kev npaj), yuav khoom ntawm "universal" av thiab xuab zeb.
3. Yuav kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws av rau seedlings ntawm cucumbers, koj yuav tsum tov 20 liv ntawm soddy-leafy av, 200 g ntawm ob superphosphate, 10 g ntawm sulfuric poov tshuaj, 80 g ntawm ammonium nitrate thiab 3-4 spoons ntawm ntoo tshauv.

Av rau seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav

Yuav kom loj hlob zoo txiv lws suav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kom npaj cov av rau seedlings thiab ua nws peb hnub ua ntej yuav tsum sowing. Tsaug rau no av rau seedlings lws suav yuav zaum thiab emptiness yuav ploj. Muaj ntau ntau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke:

1. Sib tov nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag ntawm vaj teb, nplooj av, xuab zeb thiab humus. Stir txhua yam. Cais, nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej, dissolve 10 g ntawm carbamide, 30 g ntawm superphosphate thiab 25 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate. Lub resulting daws ncuav lub av.
2. Rau tom ntej daim ntawv qhia, ntxiv peat thiab xuab zeb mus rau sod av nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag qhov chaw. Yog hais tias tsis muaj peat, ces koj yuav siv tau cov av yuav, tab sis yog tias tsis muaj additives nyob rau hauv nws, ces koj yuav tsum tau muab 0.5 l ntawm ntoo tshauv thiab ib ob peb spoons ntawm superphosphate ntawm thoob.
3. Koj siv tau cov av no rau lws suav seedlings: mus rau ob feem ntawm turf hauv av, ntxiv ib feem ntawm humus thiab tib tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntshiab los yog hauv qab xuab zeb. On lub thoob ntawm tiav lawm sib tov yog npaum li 0.5 liv ntawm tshauv ntoo tshauv.

Av rau lub cabbage seedlings

Yuav kom tau taub hau loj dua yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov av fertile nrog ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws yog ntshaw uas nyob rau hauv cov av (hauv av) rau cabbage seedling muaj composted peat los yog coarse-grained xuab zeb. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev xaiv no:

1. Sib tov nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions sod sod, humus thiab peat.
2. Rau tom ntej no tov, noj 5 qhov chaw ntawm turf hauv av - lub ntsiab tivthaiv, ib feem ntawm qhov tshauv thiab 1/4 ntawm lub txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb.
3. Muaj lwm xaiv, haum rau cabbage, thiaj li siv 3 qhov chaw ntawm peat, ib feem ntawm turf thiab 1/4 ntawm xuab zeb.

Primer rau kua txob seedling

Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv uas tsim nyog rau cov kua txob loj hlob, thiab ntawm lawv ib qho peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nws yuav siv rau ntau hom. Los npaj cov av sib tov, ua ke nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag proportions sod sod, peat thiab River xuab zeb. Cov lus nthuav tawm yog zoo sib xyaw thiab ntxiv 30 grams of superphosphate thiab potassium sulfate, thiab 10 liv dej thiab 10 grams carbamide. Tag nrho tawm mus thiab tawm kom qhuav. Nrhiav seb hom av zoo li cas rau cov kua txob ntoo, koj tuaj yeem siv sib tov sib xyaw uas nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag peat, humus thiab sod av.

Av rau watermelon seedlings

Melon nroj tsuag yog heev nkag siab rau cov av, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias nws yog fertile, lub teeb, xoob thiab dej-permeable. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nutrient av rau watermelon seedlings yuav zoo tib yam rau cov kev xaiv rau cucumbers. Rau ib tug haum tov, sib tov nyob rau hauv txawv proportions lub sod av, River xuab zeb thiab humus. Rau 10 liv ntawm tiav lawm av, ntxiv 1 liter ntawm ntoo tshauv. Tom qab ntawd, cov av xav tau kev kho mob raws li hais saum toj no. Rau tsim ntawm av rau seedlings, xav txog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tswv yim:

1. Yog hais tias thaj av av turf tsis tau npaj txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, mam li hloov nws nrog cov khoom noj tau npaj, tab sis tsuas yog xaiv cov kev xaiv zoo xwb.
2. Siv humus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov ntawm ib sab si kom tshem tau cov ceg ntoo, cov pob zeb thiab lwm yam tsis tsim nyog.
3. Raws li rau xuab zeb, nws yuav tsum me me thiab huv si. Ua ntej ntxiv rau nws cov av nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav ob peb zaug hauv dej ntws.

Cov av rau melon seedlings

Loj hlob loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis yooj yim, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau kev npaj ntawm av, uas yuav tsum tau muaj kuab nrog cov organic. Muaj ib tug pov thawj daim ntawv qhia pom zoo los ntawm kev paub gardeners. Sib tov nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov vaj teb li ib txwm, thaj av yuav tau siv raws li peat thiab tag rotted compost. Nyob rau hauv lub sib tov yuav muab ib me ntsis ntoo tshauv thiab River xuab zeb. Txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog cov av rau seedlings, koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej rau qhov dej yuav tsum tau muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog ib tug liab daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, uas yuav ua kom paub meej disinfection.

Av rau paj seedlings

Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj yog kom loj hlob zoo seedlings rau paj, ces tag nrho cov lus qhia on xaiv av xaiv ua ntej lawm yuav ua qhov no. Lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum yog xoob, lub teeb thiab ntxeem kom tso cua cia kom dhau los ntawm qhov zoo thiab tuav dej ntub. Nws yog tsim nyog them nqi rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj nyob rau hauv cov av rau paj seedlings, xws li compost, daim ntawv lub ntiaj teb, reparted manure, shavings ntawm ntoo, quav nyab thiab tsawg peat.

Nyob rau hauv lub paj cov khw, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv npaj txhij ua, xws li, "Flora", "Garden Land", "Violet" and so on. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev xaiv dav dav. Thaum muas, them sai sai rau lub composition, vim hais tias nrog ib qho kev tshaj ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam yuav tsis pom lub flowering. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov av rau seedlings tus nqi ntawm phosphorus, poov tshuaj thiab nitrogen yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 300-400 mg / l, ces nws yuav siv tsis tau rau seeding noob, txij li lub buds yuav tsis tsim.

Awning seedlings

Rau sowing noob thiab xaiv paj nws yog pom zoo kom siv cov av tshiab los tiv thaiv tus kab mob nrog microbes. Nws muaj ob peb xaiv, uas av xaiv rau loj hlob seedlings asters:

1. Qhov yooj yim muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav sib tov 1 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab peat, 1 ntxiv 3 qhov chaw ntawm turf hauv av. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau disinfect lub av.
2. Yog tias koj tab tom yuav qhov sib tov ua av, nws zoo dua yog xaiv qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov asters. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo li cov av, tom qab ntawd muab cov av rau paj qoob loo thiab ntxiv xuab zeb, ua qhov feem ntawm 10: 1.
3. Muaj lwm txoj kev tsim rau cov pob zeb: xyaw 4 qhov chaw ntawm peat, 2 seem ntawm vaj av thiab 1 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb. Tom qab ntawd, muab tso rau tshauv, muab tias 10 liv ntawm qhov sib tov yuav tsum account rau 1 tbsp. Tag nrho cov sib tov zoo, sift thiab ntxiv 1 tbsp. Perlite, uas yuav tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv kom ziab ntawm cov av. Nco ntsoov kho lub hauv av.

Av rau petunia seedlings

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov xim yog petunias, uas yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau xim ntau yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj xav tias cov av rau seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tug high acidity, vim hais tias cov noob yuav tsis sawv zoo. Txiv qaub ntsuab yuav siv tau rau kev tsis tuaj leej twg tog. Raws li pH qhov tseem ceeb rau petunia, tus nqi yuav tsum yog 5.5-6 units. Qhov tseeb av rau seedlings muaj peev xwm los ntawm tus kheej txhais tes, muab cov tswv yim:

1. Sib tov 1 ib feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab moss peat, thiab ntxiv 2 qhov chaw ntawm loam. Yog tias koj npaj loj hlob petunia ntawm lub sam thiaj, ces txuas 30% ntawm av nplaum thiab 70% liab peat.
2. Thaum cultivation yog rau cov hom phiaj kev lag luam, tom qab ntawd cov xuab zeb thiab moss peat yuav tsum tau koom nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag, thiab instead of loam siv ib feem ntawm spruce ntoo thiab tib tus nqi ntawm perlite.