Cov tshuaj anticoagulants yog tsim los txo cov ntshav khov los ntawm suppressing cov fibrin. Cov nyhuv no tiv thaiv qhov tsim muaj ntshav txhaws. Cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kab mob thiab raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav ua tau rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, xws li hnoos los yog ua cov tshuaj pleev. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog ntau dua. Hauv qhov no, qhov zoo thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom, nws yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim xyuas, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsuas ua rau tsis yog raug mob xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
Cov tshuaj Anticoagulants tau muab faib ua cov kev npaj ncaj thiab tsis ncaj ncees. Lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm ob pawg yog li cas lawv inhibit tus tsim ntawm thrombi. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kev npaj ua muaj feem xyuam nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob sib txawv ntawm ntau hom.
Anticoagulants ntawm kev txiav txim ncaj ncaj
Kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj anticoagulants ntawm kev ncaj ncaj kev txiav txim tsuas yog muaj peev xwm inhibit qhov kev txiav txim ntawm thrombin. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj ntshav qab zib. Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv yog antithrombin III.
Xws li cov tshuaj no tau muab rau pawg neeg ntawm cov yeeb yam hauv plab tsis ncaj, lawv kuj hu ua antithrombin III-dependent thrombin inhibitors. Cov pab pawg no muaj xws li cov qis thiab cov nrab-qib qis heparin:
- heparin sodium;
- heparin calcium;
- supraparin calcium;
- enoxaparin sodium;
- parnaparin sodium
- reviparin sodium;
- cybernyne;
- deltaparin sodium;
- sodium hydrocitrate.
Heparin muaj peev xwm nres qhov haujlwm ntawm qee yam ntawm hemostasis. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog hais txog kallikrein, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa.
Cov npe ntawm cov kev npaj ntawm kev ncaj qha tshuaj anticoagulants:
- Lyoton 1000 (Gel);
- Xarelto (ntsiav tshuaj);
- Dolabene (gel);
- Heparin (txhaj tshuaj);
- Heparin Acrigel 1000 (gel);
- Venitane H (qab zib);
- Venolife;
- Thrombless (gel);
- Gepatrombin G (tshuaj pleev).
Anticoagulants ntawm kev txiav txim indirect
Anticoagulants ntawm cov nyhuv tsis ncaj muaj xws li yeeb tshuaj uas ua rau lub plhuav puas tsuaj, uas yog, tau zoo dua qhov kev siv dag zog ua. Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm anticoagulants muaj xws li hirudin thiab nws cov khoom cua analogs, uas muaj xws li:
- girugen;
- girulog;
- argatroban;
- RASK.
Npaj cov hnoos hawb pob tuaj yeem hu ua "selective or direct inhibitors of thrombin, vim lawv tsis vam khom siab rau antithrombin III los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kab mob thrombin.
Teev ntawm kev npaj ntawm anticoagulants ntawm indirect action:
- Warfarin Nycomed (ntsiav tshuaj);
- Phenylline (ntsiav tshuaj).
Contraindications
Anticoagulants muaj qhov tsis haum xeeb, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim loj. Yog li, cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem muab rau cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob nram no:
- kab mob ntawm txoj hlab plawv nrog txoj kev mob ntshav (xws li, peptic ulcer, los ntshav hemorrhoids);
- cov kab mob siab, nrog rau daim npav fibrin ntawm daim siab, kab mob siab ntev;
- urolithiasis;
- Cov cim qhia ntawm raum tsis ua hauj lwm;
- cov kab mob ntshav, qhov twg cov kev hemostatic mechanisms tau ua txhaum (xws li, thrombocytopenic purpura);
- C-thiab K-vitamin deficiency;
- subacute septic endocrine;
- kev mob ntsws ntsws hlab ntsws (tuberculous pulmonary tuberculosis).
Nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo kom noj tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj anticoagulants rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Tej Teebmeem
Cov tshuaj anticoagulant muaj ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim uas yuav tsum raug xam ua ntej noj cov tshuaj. Cov no suav nrog:
- kev tsis haum ;
- mob taub hau, kub cev, mob hauv asthenia;
- necrosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- impaired raum ua haujlwm;
- xeev siab, qhov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob hauv lub qhov ncauj, mob plab, lub cev tsis zoo, kev mob plab, ntuav thiab ntuav;
- priialism;
- khaus, tawm pob, khov;
- disrupting lub raum.